Kahrilas Peter J
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2003 Nov;70 Suppl 5:S4-19. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.70.suppl_5.s4.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a specific clinical entity defined by the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux through the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) into the esophagus or oropharynx to cause symptoms, injury to esophageal tissue, or both. The pathophysiology of GERD is complex and not completely understood. An abnormal LES pressure and increased reflux during transient LES relaxations are believed to be key etiologic factors. Prolonged exposure of the esophagus to acid is another. Heartburn and acid regurgitation are the most common symptoms of GERD, although pathologic reflux can result in a wide variety of clinical presentations. GERD is typically chronic, and while it is generally nonprogressive, some cases are associated with development of complications of increasing severity and significance.
胃食管反流病（GERD）是一种特定的临床病症，其定义为胃内容物通过食管下括约肌（LES）反流至食管或口咽，从而引发症状、造成食管组织损伤或两者皆有。GERD的病理生理学较为复杂，尚未完全明晰。LES压力异常以及LES短暂松弛期间反流增加被认为是关键的病因因素。食管长时间暴露于酸性环境是另一个因素。烧心和反酸是GERD最常见的症状，不过病理性反流可导致多种临床表现。GERD通常为慢性疾病，虽然一般不会进展，但部分病例会伴有严重程度和重要性不断增加的并发症。
