Schoeler George B, Flores-Mendoza Carmen, Fernández Roberto, Davila Jorge Reyes, Zyzak Michael
Navy Disease Vector Ecology and Control Center, 2850 Thresher Avenue, Silverdale, WA 98315, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2003 Dec;19(4):286-96.
Malaria has reemerged as a significant public health disease threat in Peru, especially within the Amazon Basin region. This resurgence of human cases caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax is thought to be associated with the spread of Anopheles darlingi, the principal South American malaria vector, into new areas of the Amazon Basin. However, comprehensive studies of the distribution for this species have not been conducted in Peru for several years, nor are historical accounts accurate enough to determine if An. darlingi was actually present and not collected or misidentified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to define the distribution of An. darlingi as well as obtain data on distribution and abundance of other Anopheles species in this region. Mosquitoes were collected during 2001 in the Departments of Loreto and Ucayali, the two largest Amazonian Departments of Peru. A total of 60,585 specimens representing 12 species of the subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Anopheles were collected at 82 (88.2%) of 93 collecting sites. The majority of mosquitoes obtained were identified as An. benarrochi, comprising 70.7% of mosquitoes collected, followed by An. darlingi (24.0%), Anopheles mattogrosensis (2.4%), and Anopheles triannulatus (1.5%). Anopheles darlingi was collected from 48.8% of sites, indicating that this species is established throughout central Loreto, including further west in the Amazon Basin than previously reported. These data suggest that this species is now found in areas of the Amazon Basin region where it has not been previously reported.
疟疾在秘鲁再度成为重大的公共卫生疾病威胁，尤其是在亚马逊河流域地区。由恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫感染导致的人类病例再度出现，据认为这与南美主要疟疾传播媒介达林按蚊扩散到亚马逊河流域的新区域有关。然而，秘鲁已经有好几年没有对该物种的分布进行全面研究了，而且历史记录也不够准确，无法确定达林按蚊是否确实存在但未被采集到或被误识别。因此，本研究的目的是确定达林按蚊的分布情况，并获取该地区其他按蚊种类的分布和数量数据。2001年，在秘鲁最大的两个亚马逊省份洛雷托省和乌卡亚利省采集了蚊子。在93个采集点中的82个（88.2%）采集到了总共60,585个标本，代表了尼氏按蚊亚属和按蚊属的12个物种。所采集到的大多数蚊子被鉴定为贝氏按蚊，占采集到的蚊子的70.7%，其次是达林按蚊（24.0%）、马托格罗索按蚊（2.4%）和三带按蚊（1.5%）。在48.8%的采集点采集到了达林按蚊，这表明该物种在整个洛雷托省中部都有分布，包括在亚马逊河流域比之前报道的更靠西的地区。这些数据表明，现在在亚马逊河流域地区此前未报道过的区域发现了该物种。
