Ananth Prasanna, Koopman Cheryl
Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA 94305-5718, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 2003 Dec;15(6):529-46. doi: 10.1521/aeap.15.7.529.24049.
This study investigated the relationships of health beliefs and HIV/AIDS knowledge with frequency of condom use among women of childbearing age in four major Indian cities. Surveys were completed by 210 women attending six primary health care centers. Among the sexually active women (N = 139), 68% noted rare or no use of condoms during intercourse. Perceived benefits (p < .05) and normative efficacy in requesting condom use (p = .01) were related to a greater frequency of condom use. About 54% of women knew that breast milk could transmit HIV, but fewer than a third were aware that an HIV-positive mother does not always infect her infant at delivery. Most participants endorsed HIV testing for women prior to pregnancy. Approximately three fourths of participants advocated abortion for HIV-seropositive pregnant women. Intervention efforts may benefit from dispelling misconceptions about AIDS (particularly regarding vertical transmission), emphasizing perceived benefits and women's efficacy in requesting condom use, increasing the availability of HIV testing, and highlighting choices for seropositive women of reproductive age as alternatives to abortion.
本研究调查了印度四大城市育龄妇女的健康观念、艾滋病知识与避孕套使用频率之间的关系。210名在六个初级卫生保健中心就诊的妇女完成了调查。在性活跃的妇女（N = 139）中，68%表示在性交时很少使用或不使用避孕套。感知到的益处（p <.05）以及要求使用避孕套时的规范效能（p =.01）与更高的避孕套使用频率相关。约54%的妇女知道母乳可传播艾滋病毒，但不到三分之一的妇女意识到艾滋病毒呈阳性的母亲在分娩时并不一定会感染其婴儿。大多数参与者支持女性在怀孕前进行艾滋病毒检测。约四分之三的参与者主张为艾滋病毒血清反应阳性的孕妇实施堕胎。干预措施可通过消除对艾滋病的误解（尤其是关于垂直传播的误解）、强调感知到的益处以及女性要求使用避孕套的效能、增加艾滋病毒检测的可及性以及突出为育龄期血清反应阳性妇女提供堕胎以外的选择而获益。
