Dua Harminder S, Gomes Jose A P, King Anthony J, Maharajan V Senthil
Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2004 Jan-Feb;49(1):51-77. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2003.10.004.
The amniotic membrane is the innermost of the three layers forming the fetal membranes. It was first used in 1910 in skin transplantation. Thereafter it has been used in surgical procedures related to the genito-urinary tract, skin, brain, and head and neck, among others. The first documented ophthalmological application was in the 1940s when it was used in the treatment of ocular burns. Following initial reports, its use in ocular surgery abated until recently when it was re-discovered in the Soviet Union and South America. Its introduction to North America in the early 1990s heralded a massive surge in the ophthalmic applications of this membrane. The reintroduction of amniotic membrane in ophthalmic surgery holds great promise; however, although it has been shown to be a useful and viable alternative for some conditions, it is currently being used far in excess of its true useful potential. In many clinical situations it offers an alternative to existing management options without any distinct advantage over the others. Further studies will undoubtedly reveal the true potential of the membrane, its mechanism(s) of action, and the effective use of this tissue in ophthalmology.
羊膜是构成胎膜的三层膜中最内层的一层。它于1910年首次用于皮肤移植。此后，它被用于与泌尿生殖道、皮肤、大脑以及头颈部等相关的外科手术中。首次有文献记载的眼科应用是在20世纪40年代，当时它被用于治疗眼部烧伤。在最初的报道之后，它在眼科手术中的应用减少，直到最近在苏联和南美洲被重新发现。20世纪90年代初它被引入北美，预示着这种膜在眼科应用方面的大量增加。羊膜在眼科手术中的重新引入前景广阔；然而，尽管它已被证明在某些情况下是一种有用且可行的替代方法，但目前它的使用远远超过了其真正的有用潜力。在许多临床情况下，它为现有治疗选择提供了一种替代方法，但并没有比其他方法有任何明显优势。进一步的研究无疑将揭示这种膜的真正潜力、其作用机制以及在眼科中有效使用这种组织的方法。
