Becking G C
International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Toxicol Lett. 1992 Dec;64-65 Spec No:203-8. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(92)90190-u.
For many years, the potential deleterious effects of environmental factors on the human nervous system has been examined by several programmes within the World Health Organization (WHO). This presentation will concentrate on the development of methodology to determine the health risks from chemical exposures both in the work place, as well as, the general environment. IPCS as a scientifically based cooperative programme of the United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organisation, and WHO, has as one of its goals the development and use of methods to assess human health and environmental risks from chemicals. In this presentation, emphasis will be given to the development by IPCS of an integrated multidisciplinary approach for assessing the neurotoxic potential of chemicals and the risks to human health. The complexity of the nervous system and the variety of effects caused by chemicals will demand several tests in a multidisciplinary approach if the neurotoxic risk of any chemical is to be adequately characterized. Efforts by IPCS to evaluate the use of in vitro and neurobehavioural tests for screening purposes will be discussed as will the roles played by pathology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology in the characterization of neurotoxic risk. Finally, the WHO neurobehavioural core battery developed within the Occupational Health Programme will be described briefly.
多年来，世界卫生组织（WHO）的多个项目一直在研究环境因素对人类神经系统可能产生的有害影响。本报告将重点阐述用于确定工作场所及一般环境中化学物质暴露所带来的健康风险的方法的发展情况。国际化学品安全规划署（IPCS）作为联合国环境规划署、国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织的一个以科学为基础的合作项目，其目标之一是开发和使用评估化学物质对人类健康和环境风险的方法。在本报告中，将重点介绍国际化学品安全规划署开发的一种综合多学科方法，用于评估化学物质的神经毒性潜力以及对人类健康的风险。如果要充分描述任何化学物质的神经毒性风险，神经系统的复杂性以及化学物质所造成的各种影响将需要采用多学科方法进行多项测试。将讨论国际化学品安全规划署为评估体外和神经行为测试用于筛查目的的使用情况，以及病理学、生物化学和神经生理学在表征神经毒性风险中所起的作用。最后，将简要介绍职业健康项目中开发的世界卫生组织神经行为核心测试组。
