Izquierdo Alicia, Murray Elisabeth A
Section on the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
J Neurophysiol. 2004 May;91(5):2023-39. doi: 10.1152/jn.00968.2003. Epub 2004 Jan 7.
The amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex (PFo) interact as part of a system for affective processing. To assess whether there is a hemispheric functional specialization for the processing of emotion or reward or both in nonhuman primates, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with combined lesions of the amygdala and PFo in one hemisphere, either left or right, were compared with unoperated controls on a battery of tasks that tax affective processing, including two tasks that tax reward processing and two that assess emotional reactions. Although the two operated groups did not differ from each other, monkeys with unilateral lesions, left and right, showed altered reward-processing abilities as evidenced by attenuated reinforcer devaluation effects and an impairment in object reversal learning relative to controls. In addition, both operated groups showed blunted emotional reactions to a rubber snake. By contrast, monkeys with unilateral lesions did not differ from controls in their responses to an unfamiliar human (human "intruder"). Although the results provide no support for a hemispheric specialization of function, they yield the novel finding that unilateral lesions of the amygdala-orbitofrontal cortical circuit in monkeys are sufficient to significantly disrupt affective processing.
杏仁核与眶额叶皮质（PFo）作为情感加工系统的一部分相互作用。为了评估在非人灵长类动物中，处理情绪或奖励或两者是否存在半球功能特化，将一侧半球（左侧或右侧）杏仁核和PFo联合损伤的恒河猴（猕猴）与未手术的对照组在一系列考验情感加工的任务上进行比较，这些任务包括两项考验奖励加工的任务和两项评估情绪反应的任务。虽然两个手术组之间没有差异，但单侧损伤（左侧和右侧）的猴子表现出奖励加工能力改变，相对于对照组，强化物贬值效应减弱和物体反转学习受损证明了这一点。此外，两个手术组对橡胶蛇的情绪反应都减弱了。相比之下，单侧损伤的猴子对陌生人类（人类“入侵者”）的反应与对照组没有差异。虽然结果不支持功能的半球特化，但它们产生了一个新发现，即猴子杏仁核 - 眶额叶皮质回路的单侧损伤足以显著破坏情感加工。
