Marcial Helen S, Hagiwara Atsushi, Snell Terry W
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Dec;22(12):3025-30. doi: 10.1897/02-622.
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of estrogenic compounds on the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus after continuous exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Natural estrogen (17beta-estradiol), three known estrogenic compounds in vertebrates (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, p-t-octylphenol), and an invertebrate molting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) were tested for their effects on development and reproductive characters in two successive generations of T. japonicus. Less than 24-h-old nauplii (parentals) were exposed to four sublethal concentrations of these compounds for 21 d at 25 degrees C. The first brood of nauplii (F1) produced was monitored further under the same culture conditions and exposures to test compounds. Results showed that all estrogenic compounds affected development (both in number of days to reach copepodid stage and sexual maturity) in the parental generation. Similar effects were apparent in the F1; however, fecundity, sex ratio, and survival were not significantly affected, even at concentrations as high as 10 microg/L (nominal concentration). The invertebrate molting hormone 20-hyroxyecdysone had no detectable effect on any of the endpoints tested but gave the lowest 48-h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value. The results suggest that endocrine disruption could occur in copepods following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of estrogenic compounds, especially if they are exposed starting from embryonic development.
本研究的目的是评估在连续暴露于环境相关浓度的情况下，雌激素化合物对猛水蚤日本虎斑猛水蚤的影响。测试了天然雌激素（17β-雌二醇）、脊椎动物中三种已知的雌激素化合物（双酚A、4-壬基酚、对叔辛基酚）以及一种无脊椎动物蜕皮激素（20-羟基蜕皮酮）对日本虎斑猛水蚤连续两代发育和生殖特征的影响。将小于24小时龄的无节幼体（亲代）在25℃下暴露于这些化合物的四个亚致死浓度下21天。对产生的第一批无节幼体（F1）在相同培养条件下并暴露于测试化合物的情况下进行进一步监测。结果表明，所有雌激素化合物均影响亲代的发育（达到桡足幼体阶段和性成熟的天数）。F1代也有类似影响；然而，即使在高达10μg/L（标称浓度）的浓度下，繁殖力、性别比例和存活率也未受到显著影响。无脊椎动物蜕皮激素20-羟基蜕皮酮对所测试的任何终点均未产生可检测到的影响，但给出了最低的48小时50%致死浓度（LC50）值。结果表明，桡足类动物在暴露于环境相关浓度的雌激素化合物后可能会发生内分泌干扰，尤其是如果它们从胚胎发育开始就暴露的话。
