Rindi G, Bordi C
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma,Via Gramsci 14, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
Endocr Relat Cancer. 2003 Dec;10(4):427-36. doi: 10.1677/erc.0.0100427.
Originating from cells of the diffuse endocrine system the endocrine tumours of the gut and the pancreatic tract are rare entities characterized by a common phenotypic aspect and producing several bioactive substances including growth factors. Two major categories are identified: well-differentiated and poorly differentiated tumours. The clinical behaviour varies ranging from benign to low grade malignant for well-differentiated tumours/carcinomas to high grade malignant for poorly differentiated carcinomas. The two major categories of well-differentiated and poorly differentiated tumours display distinct phenotypes and genetic backgrounds possibly supporting distinct histogenesis. Genetic abnormalities associated with either induction or progression of tumours may vary depending on the site of origin.
起源于弥漫性内分泌系统细胞的胃肠道和胰腺内分泌肿瘤是罕见的实体，其特征在于具有共同的表型特征，并产生包括生长因子在内的多种生物活性物质。可分为两大类：高分化肿瘤和低分化肿瘤。临床行为各不相同，高分化肿瘤/癌从良性到低度恶性，低分化癌则为高度恶性。高分化和低分化肿瘤这两大类表现出不同的表型和遗传背景，这可能支持不同的组织发生学。与肿瘤诱导或进展相关的基因异常可能因起源部位而异。
