Miranda-Vizuete Antonio, Sadek Christine M, Jiménez Alberto, Krause William J, Sutovsky Peter, Oko Richard
Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2004 Feb;6(1):25-40. doi: 10.1089/152308604771978327.
Redox control of cell physiology is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms in all living organisms. The thioredoxin system, composed of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, has emerged as a key player in cellular redox-mediated reactions. For many years, only one thioredoxin system had been described in higher organisms, ubiquitously expressed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. However, during the last decade, we and others have identified and characterized novel thioredoxin systems with unique properties, such as organelle-specific localization in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum, tissue-specific distribution mostly in the testis, and features novel for thioredoxins, such as microtubule-binding properties. In this review, we will focus on the mammalian testis-specific thioredoxin system that comprises three thioredoxins exclusively expressed in spermatids (named Sptrx-1, Sptrx-2, and Sptrx-3) and an additional thioredoxin highly expressed in testis, but also present in lung and other ciliated tissues (Txl-2). The implications of these findings in the context of male fertility and testicular cancer, as well as evolutionary aspects, will be discussed.
细胞生理的氧化还原调控是所有生物体中最重要的调节机制之一。由硫氧还蛋白和硫氧还蛋白还原酶组成的硫氧还蛋白系统，已成为细胞氧化还原介导反应中的关键参与者。多年来，在高等生物中仅描述了一种硫氧还蛋白系统，它在真核细胞的细胞质中普遍表达。然而，在过去十年中，我们和其他研究人员已经鉴定并表征了具有独特性质的新型硫氧还蛋白系统，例如在线粒体或内质网中的细胞器特异性定位、主要在睾丸中的组织特异性分布，以及硫氧还蛋白的新特性，如微管结合特性。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注哺乳动物睾丸特异性硫氧还蛋白系统，该系统由仅在精子细胞中表达的三种硫氧还蛋白（命名为Sptrx-1、Sptrx-2和Sptrx-3）以及另一种在睾丸中高表达但也存在于肺和其他纤毛组织中的硫氧还蛋白（Txl-2）组成。将讨论这些发现对男性生育力和睾丸癌的影响以及进化方面的问题。
