Francés I, Barandiarán M, Marcellán T, Moreno L
Clínica Psicogeriátrica Josefina Arregui, Alsasua, Navarra, 31800, Spain.
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2003 Sep-Dec;26(3):405-22.
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that provokes a progressive loss of memory and of other cognitive functions, with additional symptoms in the behavioural and psychological sphere, loss of autonomy and an important overburdening for the family and the social milieu. Dealing with this disorder and other related dementias requires a multidimensional strategy that is able to face the different needs raised by the patient and his family. Given the lack of a curative pharmacological treatment, psychosocial interventions have emerged over the years that are directed at optimising the function of the patient and supporting the family in caring for him, with very different techniques in each of the spheres of intervention (cognitive, behavioural, environmental, family). In this review, we make a description of the interventions that have been most studied in the field of cognitive stimulation, from the most global approaches (reality orientation therapy, reminiscence therapy, psychostimulation programs) to the most specific ones in the field of memory rehabilitation (training of the explicit memory, technique of delayed remembrance, vagueness, error-free learning, procedure training of the memory and the use of external help), and the results are shown of some studies carried out using these techniques of intervention.
阿尔茨海默病是一种神经退行性疾病，会导致记忆力和其他认知功能逐渐丧失，同时伴有行为和心理方面的额外症状、自主性丧失，给家庭和社会环境带来沉重负担。应对这种疾病及其他相关痴呆症需要一种多维策略，以满足患者及其家庭提出的不同需求。鉴于缺乏治愈性的药物治疗方法，多年来出现了一些心理社会干预措施，旨在优化患者的功能，并在照顾患者方面为家庭提供支持，在每个干预领域（认知、行为、环境、家庭）采用了非常不同的技术。在本综述中，我们描述了在认知刺激领域研究最多的干预措施，从最全面的方法（现实定向疗法、回忆疗法、心理刺激项目）到记忆康复领域最具体的方法（外显记忆训练、延迟回忆技术、模糊性、无错误学习、记忆程序训练以及外部帮助的使用），并展示了使用这些干预技术进行的一些研究结果。
