Martin Joyce A, Hamilton Brady E, Sutton Paul D, Ventura Stephanie J, Menacker Fay, Munson Martha L
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA.
Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2003 Dec 17;52(10):1-113.
This report presents 2002 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco, and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.
Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 4.022 million births that occurred in 2002 are presented. Denominators for population-based rates are derived from the 2000 U.S. census. Rates for 1991-2001 may differ from those published previously based on the 1990 U.S. census.
There were 4,021,726 live births in 2002, essentially unchanged from 2001. The birth rate, fertility rate, and total fertility rates all declined 1 percent in 2002. The teenage birth rate dropped 5 percent, reaching another record low. The birth rates for women 20-24 years declined, whereas the rate for women 25-29 years was stable. The birth rate for women 30-34 years declined, but the rate for women 35-44 years continued to rise. Births to unmarried women changed very little. Smoking during pregnancy was down again. The timeliness of prenatal care continued to improve. The cesarean delivery rate climbed to the highest level ever reported in the United States (26.1 percent) and the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean plummeted 23 percent to 12.6 percent. Preterm and low birthweight levels both rose for 2002. The twin birth rate continued to climb, but the rate of triplet/+ births was down slightly.
本报告呈现了2002年美国按多种特征分类的出生数据。数据涵盖产妇人口统计学特征，包括年龄、生育次序、种族、西班牙裔血统、婚姻状况和教育程度；产妇特征（医疗风险因素、体重增加、吸烟和饮酒情况）；孕妇的医疗保健利用情况（产前护理、产科程序、分娩并发症、分娩时的护理人员以及分娩方式）；以及婴儿特征（妊娠期、出生体重、阿氏评分、异常情况、先天性畸形和多胞胎）。还列出了按年龄、生育次序、种族、西班牙裔血统和婚姻状况划分的出生率和生育率。展示了按母亲居住州划分的选定数据，以及关于出生日期和月份、性别比和父亲年龄的数据。描述并解读了生育模式以及母婴特征的趋势。
呈现了2002年发生的402.2万例出生的出生证明上所报告数据的描述性表格。基于人群的比率的分母来自2000年美国人口普查。1991 - 2001年的比率可能与之前基于1990年美国人口普查公布的比率有所不同。
2002年有4,021,726例活产，与2001年基本持平。2002年出生率、生育率和总生育率均下降了1%。青少年生育率下降了5%，达到又一个历史低点。20 - 24岁女性的出生率下降，而25 - 29岁女性的出生率稳定。30 - 34岁女性的出生率下降，但35 - 44岁女性的出生率继续上升。未婚女性的生育情况变化很小。孕期吸烟率再次下降。产前护理的及时性持续改善。剖宫产率攀升至美国有记录以来的最高水平（26.1%），前次剖宫产术后阴道分娩率暴跌23%至12.6%。2002年早产和低体重水平均有所上升。双胞胎出生率继续攀升，但三胞胎及以上多胞胎的出生率略有下降。
