童年智力对晚年生活的影响：对1932年和1947年苏格兰精神调查的追踪研究

The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: following up the Scottish mental surveys of 1932 and 1947.

作者信息

Deary Ian J, Whiteman Martha C, Starr John M, Whalley Lawrence J, Fox Helen C

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.

出版信息

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Jan;86(1):130-47. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.130.

DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.130

PMID:14717632

Abstract

The Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 collected valid IQ-type test scores for almost everyone born in 1921 and 1936 and attending school on June 1, 1932 (N=89,498) and June 4, 1947 (N=70,805). These surveys are described. This research, using the surveys' data, examined (a) the stability of intelligence differences across the life span, (b) the determinants of cognitive change from childhood to old age, and (c) the impact of childhood intelligence on survival and health in old age. Surviving participants of the Scottish Mental Surveys were tested, and the surveys' data were linked with public and health records. Novel findings on the stability of IQ scores from age 11 to age 80; sex differences in cognitive aging; the dedifferentiation hypothesis of cognitive aging; and the effect of childhood IQ on all-cause and specific mortality, morbidity, and frailty in old age are presented.

摘要

1932年和1947年的苏格兰智力调查收集了几乎所有出生于1921年和1936年、并于1932年6月1日（N = 89,498）和1947年6月4日（N = 70,805）在校学生的有效智商类测试成绩。本文对这些调查进行了描述。本研究利用这些调查数据，考察了：（a）智力差异在整个生命周期中的稳定性；（b）从童年到老年认知变化的决定因素；以及（c）童年智力对老年生存和健康的影响。对苏格兰智力调查的在世参与者进行了测试，并将调查数据与公共记录和健康记录相联系。本文呈现了关于智商分数从11岁到80岁的稳定性、认知老化中的性别差异、认知老化的去分化假说，以及童年智商对老年全因死亡率、特定死亡率、发病率和虚弱状况影响的新发现。