Vincent-Naulleau Silvia, Le Chalony Catherine, Leplat Jean-Jacques, Bouet Stéphan, Bailly Christiane, Spatz Alain, Vielh Philippe, Avril Marie-Françoise, Tricaud Yves, Gruand Joseph, Horak Vratislav, Frelat Gérard, Geffrotin Claudine
Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Etude du Génome, CEA INRA, Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France.
Pigment Cell Res. 2004 Feb;17(1):24-35. doi: 10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00101.x.
Spontaneous animal tumors appear to be highly suitable models to study human oncology and cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of hereditary melanocytic lesions found in the French herd of melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipigs (MeLiM) and their Duroc crossbreeds. Clinically, we discriminated between three types of melanocytic skin lesions, which offer a lesion continuum from lentigo to metastatic melanomas. More than 70% of these lesions appear on piglets before they are 3 months old and preferentially on homogeneous black coat piglets. The incidence of melanoma reaches 50% in MeLiM. Most of the highly invasive melanomas regressed spontaneously in the first year of the piglet's life and the regression was followed by hair, skin and iris depigmentation. A histopathological study was conducted according to the human melanoma classification. Except for lentigo maligna, we observed the three main types of human melanoma in swine [superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular or unclassified melanoma] with an excess of SSM (59-67%). The histological events leading to total spontaneous regression are chronologically described. The genetic predisposition, the high incidence of melanoma, the clinical and histopathological features similar to the human disease and the high rate of spontaneous regression offer an opportunity to use this model for studying genetic events controlling melanoma development and regression and the biological mechanisms involved in oncogenesis and anti-cancerous self-defense.
自发性动物肿瘤似乎是研究人类肿瘤学和癌症治疗的高度合适的模型。本研究的目的是描述在携带成黑素细胞瘤的利贝乔夫小型猪（MeLiM）及其杜洛克杂交品种的法国猪群中发现的遗传性黑素细胞病变的临床和组织学特征。临床上，我们区分了三种类型的黑素细胞皮肤病变，它们提供了从雀斑样痣到转移性黑色素瘤的病变连续谱。这些病变中超过70%出现在3个月龄前的仔猪身上，且优先出现在毛色均匀的黑色仔猪身上。MeLiM中黑色素瘤的发病率达到50%。大多数高侵袭性黑色素瘤在仔猪出生后的第一年自发消退，消退后伴有毛发、皮肤和虹膜色素脱失。根据人类黑色素瘤分类进行了组织病理学研究。除恶性雀斑样痣外，我们在猪身上观察到了人类黑色素瘤的三种主要类型[浅表扩散性黑色素瘤（SSM）、结节性或未分类黑色素瘤]，其中SSM过多（59-67%）。按时间顺序描述了导致完全自发消退的组织学事件。遗传易感性、黑色素瘤的高发病率、与人类疾病相似的临床和组织病理学特征以及高自发消退率为利用该模型研究控制黑色素瘤发生和消退的遗传事件以及肿瘤发生和抗癌自我防御所涉及的生物学机制提供了机会。
