Essman S W, Essman T F
University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
Am Fam Physician. 1992 Oct;46(4):1243-52.
The majority of preschool children in the United States are not screened for visual problems. To avoid permanent visual loss, standardized screening should be incorporated into well-child examinations so that treatment can be initiated promptly. Newborns should be checked for the red reflex, pupillary responses and any constant eye deviation. Infants six months old should be checked for these responses and for "fixation and following" and ocular alignment. Visual acuity should be tested in three- to four-year-old children using the "tumbling E" test, Allen pictures or the HOTV chart.
美国大多数学龄前儿童没有接受视力问题筛查。为避免永久性视力丧失，应将标准化筛查纳入儿童健康检查，以便能及时开始治疗。新生儿应检查红光反射、瞳孔反应和任何持续性眼偏斜。六个月大的婴儿应检查这些反应以及“注视和追视”及眼位。三四岁儿童应使用“翻转E”测试、艾伦图片或HOTV视力表测试视力。
