Acharya D, Prasanna K S, Nair Sreekumaran, Rao R S P
Deptt. of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka.
Indian J Public Health. 2003 Jan-Mar;47(1):7-13.
A community based longitudinal study was conducted in Malpe, a coastal village of Udupi district, Karnataka state, to investigate acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. A cohort of 91 children under 3 years of age were followed up for 1 year, leading to 2047 fortnightly observation. On an average every child had 11.3 months of follow up. The overall incidence of ARI was 6.42 episodes per child per year. On an average each episode lasted for 5.06 days. Mean duration of ARI during one year was 32.5 days per child. Most of the ARI episodes in children (91.3%) were of simple Cough & Cold (no pneumonia). However, 8.2% developed pneumonia and only 0.51% had severe pneumonia. Incidence of ARI was almost same in male and female children. There was no significant difference in incidence among various age groups. But the incidence of pneumonia was significantly higher among infants (p<0.00002). Children of poor housing with smoke producing conditions suffered more frequently (p,002).
在卡纳塔克邦乌度皮区的一个沿海村庄马尔佩开展了一项基于社区的纵向研究，以调查儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）情况。对91名3岁以下儿童进行了为期1年的随访，共进行了2047次每两周一次的观察。平均每名儿童的随访时间为11.3个月。ARI的总体发病率为每名儿童每年6.42次发作。平均每次发作持续5.06天。每名儿童ARI在一年中的平均持续时间为32.5天。儿童中大多数ARI发作（91.3%）为单纯咳嗽和感冒（无肺炎）。然而，8.2%的儿童发展为肺炎，只有0.51%患有重症肺炎。ARI在男童和女童中的发病率几乎相同。不同年龄组之间的发病率没有显著差异。但婴儿中肺炎的发病率显著更高（p<0.00002）。居住在条件差且有烟雾产生环境中的儿童患病更为频繁（p<0.002）。
