The relations of PTSD symptoms to alcohol use and coping drinking in volunteers who responded to the Swissair Flight 111 airline disaster.

We investigated the effects of the 1998 Swissair Flight 111 (SA 111) disaster on a variety of indices of alcohol use among volunteer responders. We retrospectively administered standardized questionnaires and a semi-structured interview to 13 volunteer disaster workers recruited from the community. According to the interview, 54% of the volunteers were exposed to human remains. According to Modified Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Scale responses, 46% met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Frequency and severity of PTSD symptoms, but not human remains exposure, per se, were positively correlated with coping-motivated drinking (but not social or mood enhancement drinking) and with alcohol use to forget. The re-experiencing and hyper-arousal PTSD symptom dimensions showed the strongest and most consistent correlations with the alcohol use indices. We discuss ways in which the information gleaned from this sample can be used to improve disaster response planning to minimize the probability of maladaptive coping drinking among volunteers.