Nemeroff Charles B
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-4990, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;65 Suppl 1:18-28.
There is considerable evidence to suggest that adverse early-life experiences have a profound effect on the developing brain. Neurobiological changes that occur in response to untoward early-life stress can lead to lifelong psychiatric sequelae. Children who are exposed to sexual or physical abuse or the death of a parent are at higher risk for development of depressive and anxiety disorders later in life. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that repeated early-life stress leads to alterations in central neurobiological systems, particularly in the corticotropin-releasing factor system, leading to increased responsiveness to stress. Clearly, exposure to early-life stressors leads to neurobiological changes that increase the risk of psychopathology in both children and adults. Identification of the neurobiological substrates that are affected by adverse experiences in early life should lead to the development of more effective treatments for these disorders. The preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the consequences of early-life stress are reviewed.
有大量证据表明，早期不良经历会对发育中的大脑产生深远影响。因早期不良应激而发生的神经生物学变化可导致终身的精神后遗症。遭受性虐待或身体虐待或父母死亡的儿童在日后患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险更高。临床前和临床研究表明，反复的早期应激会导致中枢神经生物学系统发生改变，尤其是促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子系统，从而导致对应激的反应性增加。显然，暴露于早期应激源会导致神经生物学变化，增加儿童和成人患精神病理学的风险。确定受早期生活不良经历影响的神经生物学底物应能带来针对这些疾病的更有效治疗方法。本文综述了评估早期应激后果的临床前和临床研究。
