[Renal transplantation in children, report of 21 cases].

OBJECTIVE

The survival rate of cadaveric renal transplant in children has been improved following the development of transplantation technology and the application of immunosuppressive agents. In this study, the prognosis of renal transplantation, operative procedure and immunosuppressive agents administration in 21 children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were analyzed.

METHODS

From January 1985 to December 2001, 21 patients (9 males and 12 females with a mean age of 14 +/- 2 yr, mean body weight of 33.4 kg and mean height of 136.5 cm) received renal transplantation because of ESRD were enrolled in the study. The patients with an average GFR of 8.28 ml/min were managed with dialysis for 13.4 months in average pro-transplantation. All cadaveric kidneys were from adults, which included 1 donor with one HLA mismatch, 3 with two mismatches, 5 with three mismatches and 4 with four mismatches. All transplantations were performed with anastomoses of the adults' renal artery and vein to the children's iliac externa artery and iliac externa vein. Biological inducement therapy was given in 4 cases. At the first 3 - 5 days post-transplantation, methylprednisolone was administered [7 mg/(kg.d)]. All patients received baseline diploid or triple immunosuppression therapy of cyclosporin A [6 - 8 mg/(kg.d)] or FK506 [0.18 - 0.25 mg/(kg.d)], mycophenolate mofetil [MMF 10 - 15 mg/(kg.d)] or azathioprine [1 - 3 mg/(kg.d)] and prednisone [0.4 - 0.6 mg/(kg.d)]. High-dose methylprednisolone [10 mg/(kg.d)] was administered to control the acute rejection.

RESULTS

The renal function of patients was restored 5.6 days in average after transplantations. The 1st, 3rd and 5th year survival rates of recipient/graft were 95.2%/95.2%, 86.7%/73.3% and 72.7%/63.6%, respectively. One case had super-acute renal rejection, 5 cases had acute rejection, 3 cases had delayed graft function and 3 patients died. The longest survival time was 12 years. The major complications included hypertension (47.6%), diabetes (19.4%), infection (19.4%) and drug-induced hepatic injury (14.2%). Catch-up growth was seen in most of the pediatric recipients.

CONCLUSION

Renal transplantation is the most ideal method to treat children with ESRD, and the growth of the pediatric patients will be improved after transplantation. Adult donor kidneys adapt to the school age patient. And the protocol of immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone plus MMF and FK506) should be applied.