Prete F R
Department of Psychology, Youngstown State University, Ohio 44555.
Brain Behav Evol. 1992;40(6):311-20. doi: 10.1159/000113921.
Tethered, adult female Sphodromantis lineola (Burr.) were presented with two groups of two-dimensional stimuli (i.e., 2-D lures) against various backgrounds. Lure Group 1 comprised various black rectangles in three different size arrays: each size array included a 2, 6, or 12 mm square, respectively, several 'worm' lures of a constant width (l2, edge perpendicular to the direction of movement, 3-30 mm), but varying in length (l1, parallel to the direction of movement, 6-114 mm), and several 'antiworm' lures of a constant length but varying width. Group 1 lures were presented against patterned backgrounds of similar luminance: one natural pattern mimicking foliage and the other a random geometric pattern of rectangles. Group 2 lures comprised various configurations and combinations of black and white lures which were presented against white, black, and natural pattern backgrounds. The appetitive behaviors of approaching and striking at a lure were dependent measures indicating that a stimulus was categorized as prey. For Group 1 lures, overall response rates to lures of the same size were enhanced by the natural pattern background rather than the geometric pattern background. Against the natural pattern background, worm lures were stronger releasers of predatory behavior than antiworm lures of the same size. Lure configuration (especially for the smallest array) was masked by the geometric pattern background, although worm versus antiworm discrimination was apparent with the largest size array. For Group 2 lures, lure-to-background contrast, as well as configuration, effected prey recognition. For instance, lures with low lure-to-background contrast ratios were weaker releasers than those with high ratios, and lures that were darker (versus lighter) than the background were stronger releasers. In addition, particular stimulus properties interacted to effect lure strength. For instance, a weak or strong releaser became stronger or weaker, respectively, when a more or less, respectively, preferred releaser was super-imposed. The results also suggest that S. lineola attends preferentially to the leading edge of a moving stimulus. These findings are in agreement with predatory behavior of praying mantises in the wild.
将成年雌性条纹花螳（Sphodromantis lineola (Burr.)）拴系起来，在不同背景下向它们呈现两组二维刺激物（即二维诱饵）。诱饵组1由三种不同尺寸阵列的各种黑色矩形组成：每个尺寸阵列分别包括一个2毫米、6毫米或12毫米见方的正方形，几个宽度恒定（l2，边缘垂直于移动方向，3 - 30毫米）但长度不同（l1，平行于移动方向，6 - 114毫米）的“蠕虫”诱饵，以及几个长度恒定但宽度不同的“反蠕虫”诱饵。组1的诱饵呈现于亮度相似的图案背景下：一种模仿树叶的自然图案，另一种是矩形的随机几何图案。组2的诱饵由各种黑白诱饵的配置和组合组成，呈现于白色、黑色和自然图案背景下。接近并攻击诱饵的觅食行为是表明刺激被归类为猎物的相关测量指标。对于组1的诱饵，自然图案背景而非几何图案背景提高了对相同尺寸诱饵的总体反应率。在自然图案背景下，蠕虫诱饵比相同尺寸的反蠕虫诱饵更能强烈地引发捕食行为。诱饵配置（特别是最小的阵列）被几何图案背景掩盖，尽管在最大尺寸阵列中蠕虫与反蠕虫的辨别很明显。对于组2的诱饵，诱饵与背景的对比度以及配置影响猎物识别。例如，诱饵与背景对比度低的诱饵比对比度高的诱饵引发能力弱，比背景暗（相对于亮）的诱饵引发能力强。此外，特定的刺激特性相互作用以影响诱饵强度。例如，当一个或多或少更受青睐的引发刺激叠加时，一个弱或强的引发刺激分别变得更强或更弱。结果还表明，条纹花螳优先关注移动刺激的前沿。这些发现与野生螳螂的捕食行为一致。
