Rosati Giovanna, Modeo Letizia
Dipartimento di Etologia, Ecologia ed Evoluzione, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy.
J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003 Nov-Dec;50(6):383-402. doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00260.x.
Exocytosis is, in all likelihood, an important communication method among microbes. Ciliates are highly differentiated and specialized micro-organisms for which versatile and/or sophisticated exocytotic organelles may represent important adaptive tools. Thus, in ciliates, we find a broad range of different extrusomes, i.e ejectable membrane-bound organelles. Structurally simple extrusomes, like mucocysts and cortical granules, are widespread in different taxa within the phylum. They play the roles in each case required for the ecological needs of the organisms. Then, we find a number of more elaborate extrusomes, whose distribution within the phylum is more limited, and in some way related to phylogenetic affinities. Herein we provide a survey of literature and our data on selected extrusomes in ciliates. Their morphology, distribution, and possible function are discussed. The possible phylogenetic implications of their diversity are considered.
胞吐作用很可能是微生物之间一种重要的通讯方式。纤毛虫是高度分化和特化的微生物，对于它们来说，多功能和/或复杂的胞吐细胞器可能是重要的适应性工具。因此，在纤毛虫中，我们发现了种类繁多的不同射出体，即可排出的膜结合细胞器。结构简单的射出体，如黏液泡和皮质颗粒，在该门的不同分类单元中广泛存在。它们在每种情况下都发挥着生物体生态需求所必需的作用。然后，我们发现了一些更复杂的射出体，它们在该门内的分布更为有限，并且在某种程度上与系统发育亲缘关系有关。在此，我们提供了关于纤毛虫中选定射出体的文献综述和我们的数据。讨论了它们的形态、分布和可能的功能。考虑了它们多样性可能的系统发育意义。
