Chan Rebecca Wing-Yan, Szeto Cheuk-Chun
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Feb;340(1-2):67-78. doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.11.006.
Urinalysis has been used extensively in clinical practice to aid in the diagnosis of various renal and urologic diseases. The innovation of urinalysis is marching on right along with the rapid developments in biotechnology and astride from the solo urine cytology to sophisticated studies of individual component in the urinary sediment. In this review article, we focus on the use of flow cytometry and other technical advances in the examination of urinary sediment, the detection of urologic malignancies by the presence of microsatellite alteration in the urinary sediment, as well as the quantification of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in urinary sediment by reverse transcription and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Notably, the study of cytokine mRNA expression in urinary sediment by RT-QPCR has recently been reported to provide important diagnostic information in kidney allograft recipients and patients with lupus nephritis. This simple and non-invasive method requires further study to determine its role in risk stratification and monitoring of therapeutic response in patients with other kidney diseases.
尿液分析在临床实践中已被广泛应用，以辅助诊断各种肾脏和泌尿系统疾病。随着生物技术的飞速发展，尿液分析也在不断创新，从单一的尿细胞学检查跨越到对尿沉渣中各个成分进行复杂研究。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点关注流式细胞术及其他技术进展在尿沉渣检查中的应用、通过尿沉渣中微卫星改变检测泌尿系统恶性肿瘤，以及通过逆转录和实时定量聚合酶链反应（RT-QPCR）对尿沉渣中细胞因子信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达进行定量分析。值得注意的是，最近有报道称，通过RT-QPCR研究尿沉渣中细胞因子mRNA表达可为肾移植受者和狼疮性肾炎患者提供重要的诊断信息。这种简单且无创的方法需要进一步研究，以确定其在其他肾脏疾病患者的风险分层和治疗反应监测中的作用。
