Lisboa Cristiane Varella, Mangia Regina Helena, Rubião Eduardo, de Lima Nathanielly Rocha Casado, das Chagas Xavier Samanta Cristina, Picinatti Alcides, Ferreira Luiz Felipe, Fernandes Octávio, Jansen A M
Laboratory of Biology of Trypanosomatids, Department of Protozoology, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Acta Trop. 2004 Mar;90(1):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.11.005.
A breeding in captivity program of neotropical primates for subsequent reintroduction in nature is in progress at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ). Almost 200 animals of 20 species that include both wild captured animals and specimens born in captivity are maintained in CPRJ. Here, we examined 198 primates of CPRJ for infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The animals included 18 species of eight genera. We also performed an "ad lib" search for triatomines that could be incriminated as putative transmitters of the protozoan in this scenario. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were observed (by indirect immunofluorescence assay-IFA) in 40 monkeys (26.5%). Four Panstrongylus megistus were collected in the monkey's food storage room near the cages and in human dwellings in the proximity to CPRJ. T. cruzi were isolated from nine primates of two genera (Leontopithecus and Saguinus) and from two individuals of the vector P. megistus. The transmission inside the cages could be attested by the isolation of the T. cruzi from primates born in captivity. Multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) demonstrated that the two isolates from Saguinus bicolor bicolor displayed a zymodeme 1 profile in four out of five tested enzymes, while all isolates derived from Leontopithecus showed zymodeme 2 for four out of the five tested enzymes. Mini-exon gene analysis genotyped all isolates as T. cruzi II, which is associated with human disease in Brazil. A wild primate unit such as CPRJ, located inside the forest and near to human dwellings and with T. cruzi II infected animals, deserves a careful surveillance in order to prevent expansion of the infection.
里约热内卢灵长类动物学中心（CPRJ）正在开展一项新热带灵长类动物圈养繁殖计划，以便随后将其放归自然。CPRJ饲养着近200只动物，分属20个物种，其中既有野生捕获的动物，也有圈养出生的标本。在此，我们对CPRJ的198只灵长类动物进行了检查，以检测其是否感染原生动物寄生虫克氏锥虫。这些动物包括8个属的18个物种。我们还“随意”搜寻了可能在此情况下被认定为该原生动物推定传播媒介的锥蝽。通过间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）在40只猴子（26.5%）中检测到了抗克氏锥虫抗体。在靠近笼子的猴子食物储存室以及CPRJ附近的人类住所中收集到了4只大型潘氏锥蝽。从两个属（狮面狨属和伶猴属）的9只灵长类动物以及媒介大型潘氏锥蝽的两个个体中分离出了克氏锥虫。从圈养出生的灵长类动物中分离出克氏锥虫，证明了笼子内部存在传播情况。多位点酶电泳（MLEE）表明，来自双色伶猴的两个分离株在5种测试酶中的4种显示出酶型1图谱，而所有来自狮面狨属的分离株在5种测试酶中的4种显示出酶型2图谱。小外显子基因分析将所有分离株鉴定为克氏锥虫II型，该型与巴西的人类疾病有关。像CPRJ这样位于森林中、靠近人类住所且有感染克氏锥虫II型动物的野生灵长类动物单位，值得进行仔细监测，以防止感染扩散。
