Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, Rösing F W, Geserick G
Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Charité, 10115 Berlin.
Homo. 2003;54(2):162-9. doi: 10.1078/0018-442x-00066.
Age estimations of living individuals are increasingly important in criminal matters. If doubts arise regarding the age of a person suspected of a criminal offense, forensic age estimation is prompted by the need to ascertain whether the person concerned has reached the age of criminal responsibility and whether general criminal law in force for older juveniles or adults is to be applied. According to the recommendations of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forensische Altersdiagnostik (study group for forensic age diagnostics), age estimates in criminal proceedings should be based on the general physical examination, the X-ray examination of the hand and the odontological examination by a dentist, including dental status and orthopantomogram. In order to improve diagnostic reliability, these methods should always be used in combination, ensuring that each part is performed by forensically trained and experienced experts of the relevant disciplines. In order to demonstrate that the proband has reached the age of 21, an additional X-ray examination or CT scan of the clavicles is recommended. Future research projects should assess the variation for a combination of the above methods, quantify the impact of socio-economic status and ethnicity on the examined development systems and review the suitability of non-ionizing imaging methods of age estimation.
在刑事事务中，对在世个体进行年龄估计变得越来越重要。如果对涉嫌刑事犯罪的人的年龄产生疑问，出于确定相关人员是否已达到刑事责任年龄以及是否适用针对年龄较大的青少年或成年人的现行一般刑法的需要，会促使进行法医年龄估计。根据法医年龄诊断工作组（法医年龄诊断研究小组）的建议，刑事诉讼中的年龄估计应基于全身检查、手部X光检查以及牙医进行的牙科学检查，包括牙齿状况和全景曲面断层片。为提高诊断可靠性，这些方法应始终结合使用，确保每个部分都由相关学科经过法医培训且经验丰富的专家进行。为证明被检查者已年满21岁，建议额外进行锁骨的X光检查或CT扫描。未来的研究项目应评估上述方法组合的变异性，量化社会经济地位和种族对所检查的发育系统的影响，并审查非电离成像年龄估计方法的适用性。
