[Sex hormones and female sexuality].

INTRODUCTION

In contrast to animal species in which linear relationships exist between hormonal status and sexual behaviour sexuality in human population is not determined so simply by the level of sexual steroids. The article analyses female sexuality in the light of hormonal status.

ADMINISTRATION OF SEXUAL STEROIDS DURING PREGNANCY AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION

High doses of gestagens, especially those with high androgen activity, widely used against miscarriages may lead to tomboys, but without differences in sexual orientation. However, it has been observed that the frequency of bisexual and lesbian women is higher in women with congenital adrenogenital syndrome. HORMONES SEXUAL DESIRE AND SEXUALITY DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE: It has been established that sexual desire, autoeroticism and sexual fantasies in women depend on androgen levels. There are a lot of reports claiming that sexual desire varies during the menstrual cycle.

HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AND SEXUALITY

Most patients using birth control pills present with decreased libido. But, there are reports that progestagens with antiandrogenic effect in contraceptive pills do not affect sexual desire. HORMONAL CHANGES IN PERI- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL PERIOD AND SEXUALITY: Decreased levels of estrogen and testosterone in older women are associated with decreased libido, sensitivity and erotic stimuli.

SEXUALITY AND HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Hormonal therapy with estrogen is efficient in reference to genital atrophy, but not to sexual desire. Really increased libido is achieved using androgens. Also, therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and tibolone have positive effects on female libido.

CONCLUSION

Effect of sexual steroids on sexual sphere of women is very complex. The association between hormones and sexuality is multidimensional, as several hormones are important in regulation of sexual behaviour. Still, it should be pointed out that sexuality is in the domain of hormonal, emotional-motivational and social factors.