Temozolomide in patients with advanced cancer: phase I and pharmacokinetic study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and potential antitumor activity of temozolomide administered as a single dose every 28 days.

DESIGN

Open label, phase I, dose-escalation trial.

SETTING

University-affiliated cancer center.

PATIENTS

Eleven patients aged 33-73 years with a documented solid tumor or lymphoma who failed therapy of proven efficacy for their disease or had a disease for which no conventional therapy was available.

INTERVENTION

Temozolomide 500 mg/m2 was administered as a single oral dose every 28 days. Doses were escalated to 750 or 1000 mg/m2. No intrapatient dose escalation was allowed. At least two patients were enrolled at each dose level. Patients who did not have progressive disease and did not experience a dose-limiting toxicity, or experienced a dose-limiting toxicity but were eligible for dose reduction, were eligible to continue on the study.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed for temozolomide and its active metabolite, 5-(3-methyltriazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were dose limiting at 1000 mg/m2. Temozolomide was absorbed rapidly (mean time to maximum concentration 1.4 hrs) and eliminated, with average half-life and apparent oral systemic clearance values of 1.8 hours and 97 ml/minute/m2, respectively. Mean systemic exposure to MTIC was 3.7% of temozolomide. No objective responses were observed. The maximum tolerated dose of temozolomide was 750 mg/m2.

CONCLUSION

Temozolomide 750 mg/m2 administered orally every 28 days was well tolerated. Alternate temozolomide dosing schedules such as continuous daily administration may enhance antitumor activity through sustained depletion of the DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase.