Peltola Pasi, Aström Mats
Department of Geology, Abo Akademi University, FIN-20500 Abo, Finland.
Environ Geochem Health. 2003 Dec;25(4):397-419. doi: 10.1023/b:egah.0000004553.56489.0c.
The concentrations and distributions of chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W and Zn) were studied in till, humus and urban soil in Jakobstad, a small town (20,000 inhabitants) in W. Finland. The analyses were performed with ICP-MS after aqua regia leaching of till (n = 37), urban topsoil (n = 32) and subsoil (n = 32), and HNO3 leaching of humus (n = 37). The till and humus samples, collected at the same sites, were divided into urban and rural samples. The urban till was not significantly enriched in metals. In contrast, a majority of the elements occurred in higher concentrations in the urban than the rural humus samples. Statistical and spatial interpretations of the humus data revealed that traffic (Pb, V and Ni), metal industry (Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb and Cr), an abandoned shooting range (Pb and Sb) and other sources contribute to higher metal levels in the urban humus. The urban soil samples were collected at parks, yards, abandoned industrial sites, roadsides, etc. The topsoil samples were enriched in most elements, also by elements not enriched in the urban humus (e.g. Cd). At several sites, the concentrations far exceeded the limit concentrations for contaminated soils in Finland. A large variety of sources were identified or indicated.
对芬兰西部一个小镇雅各布斯塔德（人口2万）的冰碛土、腐殖土和城市土壤中的化学元素（银、铝、砷、金、钡、铋、钙、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、镓、汞、钾、镧、镁、锰、钼、钠、镍、磷、铅、硫、锑、钪、硒、锶、碲、钍、钛、铊、铀、钒、钨和锌）的浓度和分布进行了研究。对冰碛土（n = 37）、城市表层土（n = 32）和下层土（n = 32）进行王水浸提，对腐殖土（n = 37）进行硝酸浸提后，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行分析。在同一地点采集的冰碛土和腐殖土样本分为城市和农村样本。城市冰碛土中的金属没有显著富集。相比之下，大多数元素在城市腐殖土中的浓度高于农村腐殖土样本。对腐殖土数据的统计和空间解释表明，交通（铅、钒和镍）、金属工业（铅、锌、铋、锑和铬）、一个废弃靶场（铅和锑）以及其他来源导致城市腐殖土中金属含量较高。城市土壤样本采集于公园、庭院、废弃工业场地、路边等。表层土样本中大多数元素都有富集，一些在城市腐殖土中未富集的元素（如镉）也有富集。在几个地点，这些元素的浓度远远超过了芬兰污染土壤的极限浓度。已识别或指出了各种各样的来源。
