Hellenic Survey of Geology and Mineral Exploration, 1 Sp. Louis Str., 13677, Acharnae, Greece.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Oct 15;196(11):1052. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-13223-8.
The occurrence of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and other chemical elements in urban and peri-urban soils impacts human health and quality of life, posing a challenge for geoscientists. This study investigated the soil geochemistry of Lamia City, focusing on identifying the geogenic and anthropogenic origins of elements. A total of 168 topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected in April 2023, and the analysis included the near-total concentrations of 51 elements. Descriptive, correlation, multivariate statistics (i.e., Factor Analysis-FA and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis-HCA), Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping, and mineralogical analysis were employed to identify potential element sources. The results indicated that the elements in soils originated from geogenic, anthropogenic, and mixed sources. Geogenic origins are associated with ultramafic rocks (e.g., Mg, Cr, Ni, Co, Fe, Sc, Mn), carbonate rocks (e.g., Ca, Sr), and Quaternary sediments (e.g., K, Na, Ba, Tl, Be, Rb, Ti, V, Ga, and Rare Earth Elements-REEs); associations are linked to specific identified minerals. All applied statistical analyses reveal that the mobility of chemical elements in the urban and peri-urban soils of Lamia city is primarily affected by geochemical processes such as element substitution, chemical weathering, pedogenesis, adsorption, precipitation, evaporation, and organic matter presence. The P, Ag, Hg, Pb, Sn, Zn, Sb, Cd, Cu, and U were associated with anthropogenic influences, particularly in areas with high population density, heavy vehicle traffic, and intensive agricultural practices. Additionally, some elements (e.g., Ca, Cd, Cu, Mo, Mn, and Li) exhibited mixed origins. This integrated approach offers valuable insights into the spatial distribution and sources of PTEs in urban and peri-urban environments, providing critical information for environmental management and public health protection strategies.
潜在有毒元素和其他化学元素的分布、来源与影响
城市和城郊土壤中潜在有毒元素（PTEs）和其他化学元素的存在会影响人类健康和生活质量，这对地球科学家来说是一个挑战。本研究聚焦于拉米亚市土壤地球化学，旨在确定元素的地球成因和人为成因。2023 年 4 月共采集了 168 个表层土壤样本（0-10cm），分析了 51 种元素的近全量浓度。采用描述性统计、相关性分析、多元统计（即因子分析-FA 和层次聚类分析-HCA）、地理信息系统（GIS）制图和矿物学分析来识别潜在的元素来源。结果表明，土壤中的元素源自地球成因、人为成因和混合成因。地球成因与超镁铁质岩石（如 Mg、Cr、Ni、Co、Fe、Sc、Mn）、碳酸盐岩（如 Ca、Sr）和第四纪沉积物（如 K、Na、Ba、Tl、Be、Rb、Ti、V、Ga 和稀土元素-REEs）有关；特定矿物与特定元素有关。所有应用的统计分析都表明，拉米亚城市区和城郊土壤中化学元素的迁移主要受地球化学过程的影响，如元素替代、化学风化、成土作用、吸附、沉淀、蒸发和有机质的存在。P、Ag、Hg、Pb、Sn、Zn、Sb、Cd、Cu 和 U 与人为影响有关，特别是在人口密度高、重型车辆交通频繁和农业集约化的地区。此外，一些元素（如 Ca、Cd、Cu、Mo、Mn 和 Li）表现出混合成因。这种综合方法为城市和城郊环境中 PTEs 的空间分布和来源提供了有价值的见解，为环境管理和公共卫生保护策略提供了关键信息。
