Lee Sanghoon, Moon Ji-Won, Moon Hi-Soo
Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Buchon, Gyonggi-Do, 420-743, South Korea.
Environ Geochem Health. 2003 Dec;25(4):433-52. doi: 10.1023/b:egah.0000004567.80084.d1.
The objective of this study is to compare Anyang River bed sediments with water chemical composition and to assess the anthropogenic chemical inputs into the river system. Eight sampling locations were chosen along the river channel. Bed and suspended river sediments and water samples were collected, and analyzed for their chemical and physical composition. Data revealed that trace element concentrations in the river water were generally below world average, except for As, Mn, Ni and Cr. Among the three phases: water, bed and suspended sediment, more than 99% of the trace elements was associated with the bed sediment. Concentrations of trace elements in the sediment were a function a particle size distribution and organic content. The calculated degrees of enrichment based on the least influenced sample (ASD 1) indicated the river sediments were enriched with respect to background. The enrichment factors for Pb, Zn and As were relatively lower than for Cr, Co, Ni and Zn. The difference in the enrichment seems to reflect the human activities influence in the basin, and specially for Cd. Speciation of the elements in the five different chemical forms in the sediment by sequential extraction indicated that the reducible fraction was predominant for Fe, Zinc and Cu showed an irregular variation among the different fractions; whereas, Cd and Pb were more regular. Zinc and Cu highly existed mostly in exchangeable forms. Acid soluble and reducible forms were also important for most metals. The speciation implies that the metals associated with the sediment are subject to release into water bodies as goechemical variables (pH and Eh) change. Currently, the introduced metals are deposited near the source area and are mostly associated with the sediment, implying that the river bed sediment acts mainly as a sink, rather than a pool. The accumulated and enriched toxic trace elements can pose a potential pollution of river water.
本研究的目的是比较安阳河河床沉积物与水的化学成分，并评估河流系统中的人为化学输入。沿着河道选择了八个采样点。采集了河床和悬浮河沉积物以及水样，并对其化学和物理成分进行了分析。数据显示，河水中的微量元素浓度一般低于世界平均水平，但砷、锰、镍和铬除外。在水、河床和悬浮沉积物这三个相中，超过99%的微量元素与河床沉积物相关。沉积物中微量元素的浓度是粒度分布和有机含量的函数。根据受影响最小的样本（ASD 1）计算出的富集程度表明，河流沉积物相对于背景值有所富集。铅、锌和砷的富集因子相对低于铬、钴、镍和锌。富集程度的差异似乎反映了流域内人类活动的影响，特别是对镉的影响。通过连续萃取对沉积物中五种不同化学形态的元素进行形态分析表明，铁的可还原部分占主导地位，锌和铜在不同部分呈现不规则变化；而镉和铅则较为规律。锌和铜大多以可交换形式大量存在。酸溶性和可还原形式对大多数金属也很重要。这种形态分析表明，随着地球化学变量（pH值和氧化还原电位）的变化，与沉积物相关的金属有可能释放到水体中。目前，引入的金属沉积在源区附近，主要与沉积物相关，这意味着河床沉积物主要起到汇的作用，而不是一个库。积累和富集的有毒微量元素可能对河水造成潜在污染。
