Kinge Bettina, Tranheim Randi Skarpaas, Eide Nils A
Øyeavdelingen, Rikshospitalet, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2004 Jan 22;124(2):183-5.
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumour of the retina that occurs in early childhood. The aim of this paper is to give an updated review of the disease.
A review is given based on literature published over the last few years and on the authors' own experience.
The yearly incidence of retinoblastoma is approximately one per 14 000 live births, which gives four new cases of retinoblastoma per year in Norway. The only known risk factor is heritage. Symptoms of retinoblastoma are strabismus, reduced visual acuity and red eye, but the absolutely most important sign is leukokoria (white pupillary reflex). Important diagnostic tools are ophthalmoscopy, ultrasonography, CT and MRI. The goal of treatment is to destroy all tumour tissue, but not the surrounding tissue. Treatment options are enucleation, chemotherapy, external beam radiation, radioactive isotope plaques, cryotherapy, photocoagulation, or a combination of these depending upon the size and location of the tumour.
The overall results in the treatment of retinoblastoma are favourable and have improved over the last few years because of better treatment modalities. The survival rate is approximately 95%. It is important that physicians bear in mind the signs of retinoblastoma and especially the alarming sign of leukokoria and acute strabismus in a child.
视网膜母细胞瘤是一种发生于儿童早期的视网膜恶性肿瘤。本文旨在对该疾病进行最新综述。
基于过去几年发表的文献及作者自身经验进行综述。
视网膜母细胞瘤的年发病率约为每14000例活产中有1例，这意味着挪威每年有4例新的视网膜母细胞瘤病例。唯一已知的风险因素是遗传。视网膜母细胞瘤的症状包括斜视、视力下降和眼红，但绝对最重要的体征是白瞳症（白色瞳孔反射）。重要的诊断工具是检眼镜检查、超声检查、CT和MRI。治疗的目标是摧毁所有肿瘤组织，但不损伤周围组织。治疗选择包括眼球摘除术、化疗、外照射放疗、放射性同位素敷贴、冷冻疗法、光凝疗法，或根据肿瘤的大小和位置将这些方法联合使用。
由于治疗方式的改进，视网膜母细胞瘤治疗的总体结果是良好的，且在过去几年有所改善。生存率约为95%。医生牢记视网膜母细胞瘤的体征，尤其是儿童白瞳症和急性斜视这一警示体征非常重要。
