Howard James H, Howard Darlene V, Dennis Nancy A, Yankovich Helen, Vaidya Chandan J
Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2004 Jan;18(1):124-34. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.1.124.
Three experiments investigated the aging of implicit spatial and spatiotemporal context learning in 2 tasks. In contextual cuing, people learn to use repeated spatial configurations to facilitate search for a target, whereas in higher order serial learning, they learn to use subtle sequence regularities to respond more quickly and accurately to a series of events. Results reveal a dissociation; overall contextual cuing is spared in healthy aging, whereas higher order sequence learning is impaired in the same individuals. This finding suggests that these 2 forms of implicit learning rely on different neural substrates that age differently; the results are also consistent with recent evidence that fronto-striatal circuits are particularly susceptible to decline in health aging.
三项实验在两项任务中研究了内隐空间和时空情境学习的老化情况。在情境线索化任务中，人们学习利用重复的空间配置来促进对目标的搜索，而在高阶序列学习中，他们学习利用微妙的序列规律来更快速、准确地对一系列事件做出反应。结果显示出一种分离现象；总体而言，健康老化个体的情境线索化能力未受影响，而相同个体的高阶序列学习能力则受损。这一发现表明，这两种内隐学习形式依赖于不同的神经基质，且这些神经基质随年龄变化的方式不同；这些结果也与最近的证据一致，即额纹状体回路在健康老化过程中特别容易衰退。
