Dudai Yadin
Department of Neurobiology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:51-86. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142050.
Consolidation is the progressive postacquisition stabilization of long-term memory. The term is commonly used to refer to two types of processes: synaptic consolidation, which is accomplished within the first minutes to hours after learning and occurs in all memory systems studied so far; and system consolidation, which takes much longer, and in which memories that are initially dependent upon the hippocampus undergo reorganization and may become hippocampal-independent. The textbook account of consolidation is that for any item in memory, consolidation starts and ends just once. Recently, a heated debate has been revitalized on whether this is indeed the case, or, alternatively, whether memories become labile and must undergo some form of renewed consolidation every time they are activated. This debate focuses attention on fundamental issues concerning the nature of the memory trace, its maturation, persistence, retrievability, and modifiability.
巩固是长期记忆在习得后逐步稳定的过程。该术语通常用于指代两种类型的过程：突触巩固，它在学习后的最初几分钟到几小时内完成，并且在迄今为止研究的所有记忆系统中都会发生；以及系统巩固，这需要更长的时间，在此过程中，最初依赖海马体的记忆会经历重组，并且可能变得不依赖海马体。关于巩固的教科书式描述是，对于记忆中的任何一项内容，巩固过程只启动和结束一次。最近，一场激烈的争论再次兴起，争论的焦点是实际情况是否确实如此，或者相反，记忆是否会变得不稳定，并且每次被激活时都必须经历某种形式的重新巩固。这场争论将注意力集中在有关记忆痕迹的本质、其成熟、持久性、可检索性和可修改性的基本问题上。
