Wixted John T
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0109, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:235-69. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141555.
Traditional theories of forgetting are wedded to the notion that cue-overload interference procedures (often involving the A-B, A-C list-learning paradigm) capture the most important elements of forgetting in everyday life. However, findings from a century of work in psychology, psychopharmacology, and neuroscience converge on the notion that such procedures may pertain mainly to forgetting in the laboratory and that everyday forgetting is attributable to an altogether different form of interference. According to this idea, recently formed memories that have not yet had a chance to consolidate are vulnerable to the interfering force of mental activity and memory formation (even if the interfering activity is not similar to the previously learned material). This account helps to explain why sleep, alcohol, and benzodiazepines all improve memory for a recently learned list, and it is consistent with recent work on the variables that affect the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus.
传统的遗忘理论执着于这样一种观念，即线索过载干扰程序（通常涉及A - B、A - C列表学习范式）捕捉到了日常生活中遗忘的最重要因素。然而，心理学、精神药理学和神经科学一个世纪的研究结果都趋向于这样一种观念，即此类程序可能主要适用于实验室中的遗忘，而日常遗忘则归因于一种完全不同形式的干扰。根据这一观点，那些尚未有机会巩固的新形成记忆容易受到心理活动和记忆形成干扰力的影响（即使干扰活动与先前学习的材料不相似）。这一解释有助于说明为什么睡眠、酒精和苯二氮卓类药物都能改善对最近学习列表的记忆，并且它与最近关于影响海马体中长期增强的诱导和维持的变量的研究工作相一致。
