Janeković Koraljka
Center for Education and Rehabilitation, Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2003 Dec;27(2):479-89.
The research on substance (alcohol, tobacco and drug) abuse and on self-perception was done by comparing a test group of physically disabled adolescents and a test group of non-disabled adolescents. The respondents of the experimental group were students of the only special high school for physically handicapped persons in Croatia, Zagreb. The respondents of the control group were the students of two regular high schools in the capital of Croatia. The instrument used in this research was a self-reported, anonymous questionnaire. The respondents completed the questionnaire in the classroom. The data analysis regarding alcohol abuse indicated that physically disabled adolescents drink more often and out of quite different motives than their non-disabled peers. Regarding the prevalence, frequency, quantity and motives for smoking, no statistically significant difference has been found between the tested groups. On the contrary, significant differences between handicapped and non-disabled adolescents were evident regarding drug abuse. Only one physically disabled examinee used a drug--marijuana, only a few times a year. On the other hand, almost one quarter of the non-disabled adolescents use at least one, five at the most, type of drug sometimes or often. The results on the self-perception scale show that adolescent with physical disabilities have a much more negative attitude toward themselves than non-disabled controls. Their self-esteem and self-confidence are seriously diminished. Described findings could have a mighty impact on ways of preventing substance abuse, and on ways of increasing self-esteem among disabled and non-disabled adolescents.
通过比较一组身体残疾青少年和一组非残疾青少年，对物质（酒精、烟草和毒品）滥用及自我认知进行了研究。实验组的受访者是克罗地亚萨格勒布唯一一所为身体有残疾者开设的特殊高中的学生。对照组的受访者是克罗地亚首都两所普通高中的学生。本研究使用的工具是一份自我报告的匿名问卷。受访者在课堂上完成问卷。关于酒精滥用的数据分析表明，身体残疾青少年比他们的非残疾同龄人饮酒更频繁，且动机截然不同。在吸烟的流行率、频率、数量和动机方面，测试组之间未发现统计学上的显著差异。相反，在药物滥用方面，残疾青少年和非残疾青少年之间存在明显差异。只有一名身体残疾的受测者使用过一种药物——大麻，一年仅几次。另一方面，近四分之一的非残疾青少年有时或经常使用至少一种、最多五种类型的药物。自我认知量表的结果表明，身体残疾的青少年对自己的态度比非残疾对照组消极得多。他们的自尊和自信严重受损。上述研究结果可能会对预防物质滥用的方式以及提高残疾和非残疾青少年自尊的方式产生重大影响。
