Bennett Johnson Suzanne, Baughcum Amy E, Carmichael Stacy K, She Jin-Xiong, Schatz Desmond A
Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4300, USA.
Diabetes Care. 2004 Feb;27(2):392-7. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.2.392.
To describe maternal anxiety associated with newborn genetic screening for type 1 diabetes during the first year after risk notification.
Mothers of at-risk infants (n = 435), identified through newborn genetic screening as part of the Prospective Assessment of Newborn for Diabetes Autoimmunity (PANDA) study, were administered a short form of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) during telephone interviews approximately 3.5 weeks, 4 months, and 1 year after risk notification. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine predictors of maternal anxiety at each interview as well as changes in anxiety over time.
For the total sample, initial state STAI scores were not elevated and declined further over time. However, Hispanic mothers, those with low levels of education, those who overestimated the child's risk for diabetes, and mothers of infants in the highest risk group exhibited significantly elevated initial state STAI scores. At 4 months, higher state STAI scores were associated with higher initial state STAI scores, single parent status, having an infant with a first-degree relative with diabetes, and overestimation of the child's actual risk. Initial and 4-month STAI scores remained predictive of STAI scores at 1 year. In addition, single mothers and mothers of female children reported higher STAI state scores 1 year after risk notification.
For most mothers, newborn genetic screening to identify infants at increased risk for type 1 diabetes is not associated with significantly elevated maternal anxiety; anxiety further dissipates over time. However, anxiety levels vary considerably as a function of maternal ethnic status, education, marital status, maternal estimation of infant risk, and sex of the child and may be significantly elevated in some women.
描述风险告知后第一年中与新生儿1型糖尿病基因筛查相关的母亲焦虑状况。
作为糖尿病自身免疫新生儿前瞻性评估（PANDA）研究的一部分，通过新生儿基因筛查确定为有风险的婴儿的母亲（n = 435），在风险告知后约3.5周、4个月和1年的电话访谈中接受了状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）简表测试。进行统计分析以检查每次访谈时母亲焦虑的预测因素以及焦虑随时间的变化。
对于整个样本，初始状态STAI分数未升高且随时间进一步下降。然而，西班牙裔母亲、教育程度低的母亲、高估孩子患糖尿病风险的母亲以及处于最高风险组的婴儿的母亲，其初始状态STAI分数显著升高。在4个月时，较高的状态STAI分数与较高的初始状态STAI分数、单亲状态、婴儿有糖尿病一级亲属以及高估孩子的实际风险相关。初始和4个月时的STAI分数仍然可以预测1年时的STAI分数。此外，单身母亲和女童的母亲在风险告知1年后报告的STAI状态分数较高。
对于大多数母亲来说，用于识别1型糖尿病风险增加婴儿的新生儿基因筛查与母亲焦虑显著升高无关；焦虑会随着时间进一步消散。然而，焦虑水平因母亲的种族状况、教育程度、婚姻状况、母亲对婴儿风险的估计以及孩子的性别而有很大差异，并且在一些女性中可能会显著升高。
