Lebon Eric, Pellegrino Anne, Tardieu Francois, Lecoeur Jeremie
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, UMR 759, INRA-ENSA.M, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France.
Ann Bot. 2004 Mar;93(3):263-74. doi: 10.1093/aob/mch038. Epub 2004 Jan 28.
Shoot architecture variability in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) was analysed using a generic modelling approach based on thermal time developed for annual herbaceous species. The analysis of shoot architecture was based on various levels of shoot organization, including pre-existing and newly formed parts of the stem, and on the modular structure of the stem, which consists of a repeated succession of three phytomers (P0-P1-P2).
Four experiments were carried out using the cultivar 'Grenache N': two on potted vines (one of which was carried out in a glasshouse) and two on mature vines in a vineyard. These experiments resulted in a broad diversity of environmental conditions, but none of the plants experienced soil water deficit.
Development of the main axis was highly dependent on air temperature, being linearly related to thermal time for all stages of leaf development from budbreak to veraison. The stable progression of developmental stages along the main stem resulted in a thermal-time based programme of leaf development. Leaf expansion rate varied with trophic competition (shoot and cluster loads) and environmental conditions (solar radiation, VPD), accounting for differences in final leaf area. Branching pattern was highly variable. Classification of the branches according to ternary modular structure increased the accuracy of the quantitative analysis of branch development. The rate and duration of leaf production were higher for branches derived from P0 phytomers than for branches derived from P1 or P2 phytomers. Rates of leaf production, expressed as a -function of thermal time, were not stable and depended on trophic competition and environmental conditions such as solar radiation or VPD.
The application to grapevine of a generic model developed in annual plants made it possible to identify constants in main stem development and to determine the hierarchical structure of branches with respect to the modular structure of the stem in response to intra- and inter-shoot trophic competition.
利用基于热时间的通用建模方法分析葡萄（欧亚种葡萄）的新梢结构变异，该方法是为一年生草本植物开发的。新梢结构分析基于新梢组织的不同层次，包括茎的既有部分和新形成部分，以及茎的模块化结构，其由三个叶元（P0 - P1 - P2）的重复序列组成。
使用‘歌海娜’品种进行了四项试验：两项针对盆栽葡萄（其中一项在温室中进行），两项针对葡萄园中的成年葡萄树。这些试验产生了广泛多样的环境条件，但所有植株均未经历土壤水分亏缺。
主轴的发育高度依赖于气温，从萌芽到转色期的所有叶片发育阶段均与热时间呈线性相关。沿主茎发育阶段的稳定进展导致了基于热时间的叶片发育程序。叶片扩展速率随营养竞争（新梢和果穗负载）和环境条件（太阳辐射、水汽压亏缺）而变化，这解释了最终叶面积的差异。分枝模式高度可变。根据三元模块化结构对分枝进行分类提高了分枝发育定量分析的准确性。源自P0叶元的分枝的叶片产生速率和持续时间高于源自P1或P2叶元的分枝。以热时间为函数表示的叶片产生速率不稳定，且取决于营养竞争以及太阳辐射或水汽压亏缺等环境条件。
将一年生植物中开发的通用模型应用于葡萄，使得能够识别主茎发育中的常量，并确定分枝相对于茎的模块化结构的层次结构，以响应新梢内和新梢间的营养竞争。
