Alonso Francisca, Chiamolera Fernando M, Hueso Juan J, González Mónica, Cuevas Julián
Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), 04745 La Mojonera, Almería, Spain.
Department of Agronomy, ceiA3, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Apr 30;10(5):904. doi: 10.3390/plants10050904.
Greenhouse cultivation of table grapes is a challenge due to difficulties imposed by their perennial habit and chilling requirements. Despite difficulties, greenhouse cultivation allows ripening long before that in the open field. Nonetheless, for harvesting "Flame Seedless" in the most profitable periods, a cultural practices timetable has to be established. In this context, an estimation of development rate as a function of temperature becomes essential. This work puts forward a procedure to determine "Flame Seedless" threshold temperatures and heat requirements from bud break to ripening. "Flame Seedless" required an average of 1633 growing degree days (GDD) in the open field with a base temperature of 5 °C and an upper threshold temperature of 30 °C. Strikingly, only 1542 GDD were required within the greenhouse. This procedure forecast "Flame Seedless" ripening with an accuracy of three and six days in the open field and greenhouse, improving predictions based on the average number of days between bud break and ripening. The procedure to predict oncoming harvest date was found satisfactory, just four days earlier than the real date. If we used the typical meteorological year instead of the average year, then the prediction was greatly improved since harvest was forecast just one day before its occurrence.
鲜食葡萄的温室栽培颇具挑战，因为其多年生习性和需冷量带来了诸多困难。尽管存在困难，但温室栽培能使其比露地栽培更早成熟。然而，为了在最有利可图的时期收获“火焰无核”葡萄，必须制定一套栽培管理时间表。在此背景下，估算发育速率与温度的函数关系就变得至关重要。这项工作提出了一种确定“火焰无核”葡萄从萌芽到成熟的阈值温度和热量需求的方法。在露地条件下，“火焰无核”葡萄以5℃为基础温度、30℃为上限阈值温度，平均需要1633个生长度日（GDD）。令人惊讶的是，在温室中仅需1542个GDD。该方法预测“火焰无核”葡萄在露地和温室中的成熟时间，准确率分别为提前三天和六天，比基于萌芽到成熟的平均天数进行的预测有所改进。预测即将到来的收获日期的方法令人满意，比实际日期仅早四天。如果使用典型气象年而非平均年份的数据，预测效果会大大改善，因为收获日期的预测仅比实际发生时间提前一天。
