Schröder H, Marrugat J, Covas M, Elosua R, Pena A, Weinbrenner T, Fito M, Vidal M A, Masia R
Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Feb;58(2):302-11. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601782.
The aim of the present study was to analyse the relation between age and both dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity, and to determine nutrient inadequacy of aged groups in our population.
Cross-sectional study.
A random sample of the 25-74-y-old population of Gerona, Spain.
A total of 838 men and 910 women were selected from among the general population according to the 1991 census.
Analysis of dietary habits, including amount and type of alcohol consumption, and detailed evaluation of leisure-time physical activity.
Nutrient densities of carbohydrates, vitamin B(1), vitamin B(12), vitamin C, vitamin E, folate, potassium, iron, magnesium, copper, and dietary fiber increased significantly (P<0.05) with age in both genders, whereas an inverse trend was observed for total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and sodium. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a direct association of healthy dietary habits, characterized through a composite dietary score, with age after adjusting for several confounders both in men and women (P<0.001). This score was composed of folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, dietary fibre, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, and sodium. In all, 29 and 10% of male and female subjects aged 65-74 y, respectively, reported inadequate intakes of six or more of 16 nutrients. Total leisure-time physical activity increased with age in men (P<0.002), and was not different among female age groups.
Dietary behaviours and levels of physical activity spent during leisure time indicate a healthy lifestyle of the aged men and women in the present population. Nutrient inadequacy observed in some aged men and women, however, deserves particular intervention of health-care programmes for this growing part of our society.
本研究旨在分析年龄与饮食习惯及休闲时间身体活动之间的关系，并确定我国老年人群的营养素摄入不足情况。
横断面研究。
西班牙赫罗纳25 - 74岁人群的随机样本。
根据1991年人口普查从普通人群中选取了838名男性和910名女性。
饮食习惯分析，包括酒精摄入量及类型，以及休闲时间身体活动的详细评估。
碳水化合物、维生素B1、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素E、叶酸、钾、铁、镁、铜和膳食纤维的营养素密度在两性中均随年龄显著增加（P<0.05），而总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇和钠则呈相反趋势。多元线性回归分析显示，在调整了多个混杂因素后，以综合饮食评分表征的健康饮食习惯与男性和女性的年龄均呈直接关联（P<0.001）。该评分由叶酸、维生素C、维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、膳食纤维、胆固醇、饱和脂肪酸和钠组成。在65 - 74岁的男性和女性受试者中，分别有29%和10%报告16种营养素中有6种或更多摄入不足。男性的总休闲时间身体活动随年龄增加（P<0.002），各女性年龄组之间无差异。
本研究人群中老年人的饮食行为和休闲时间身体活动水平表明其生活方式健康。然而，部分老年男性和女性中观察到的营养素摄入不足情况，值得针对我国社会这一不断增长的群体开展特别的医疗保健项目干预。
