Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 17;18(14):7614. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147614.
Qualitative dietary assessments are not common in aging athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate diet quality and its determinants among aging masters athletes. Eighty-six participants of the 8th World Masters Indoor Athletics Championships were enrolled in the study (age range 36-65 years). Three subgroups were distinguished to represent countries with different eating habits. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Eating habits and diet quality were assessed using the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN, Warszawa, Poland), and the Pro-healthy Diet Index (pHDI-10). Dietary quality determinants were identified by a multiple regression model conducted for each subgroup separately (Great Britain, France, and Poland). The results showed that none of the subgroups adhered to the reference intake of products with beneficial health outcomes. This was particularly noticeable in the insufficient consumption of whole grain products, dairy, and fish. The fish and vegetables consumption frequency significantly differentiated the eating habits of the studied groups. Diet quality determinants varied depending on the group. However, in each of them, fruit consumption was one of the components of a good-quality diet. The obtained results can be used by institutions providing health education among the elderly to develop an appropriate strategy aimed at changing inappropriate eating habits.
定性饮食评估在老年运动员中并不常见。因此，本研究旨在评估老年大师运动员的饮食质量及其决定因素。第八届世界大师室内田径锦标赛的 86 名参与者被纳入研究（年龄在 36-65 岁之间）。为了代表具有不同饮食习惯的国家，区分了三个亚组。通过生物电阻抗法测量身体成分。使用饮食习惯和营养信念问卷（KomPAN，华沙，波兰）和健康饮食指数（pHDI-10）评估饮食习惯和饮食质量。通过对每个亚组分别进行的多元回归模型确定饮食质量决定因素（英国、法国和波兰）。结果表明，没有一个亚组符合对具有有益健康结果的产品的参考摄入量。这在全谷物产品、乳制品和鱼类的摄入量不足方面尤为明显。鱼和蔬菜的食用频率显著区分了研究组的饮食习惯。饮食质量决定因素因组而异。然而，在每个组中，水果的摄入量都是优质饮食的组成部分之一。所获得的结果可被为老年人提供健康教育的机构用来制定适当的策略，旨在改变不良的饮食习惯。
