Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh and processed foods in Navarra (Spain).

The presence of Listeria spp. was investigated in a total of 3685 food samples obtained from different industries and markets of Northern Spain in the last 4 years. The samples analyzed include fresh raw products (meat, milk and poultry) and treated products (cooked and cured meats, frozen vegetables and smoked salmon). Occurrence of Listeria spp. varied from 8.1% in soft cheese to 76.3% in raw poultry samples. The highest incidence of L. monocytogenes also occurred in raw poultry (36.1% positive samples). Despite this high incidence of contamination, these kinds of products carry a low risk of listeriosis transmission because of the heat treatment prior to consumption. On the other hand, the ready-to-eat products (RTE) tested in this study showed incidences that could pose serious health problems, taking into account that the storage conditions may allow for rapid growth of the pathogen. It was also found that up to 75.5% of the L. monocytogenes strains isolated in this study belonged to serogroup 1, mainly serotype 1/2a, while the clinical cases observed in Navarra in the same period of time belonged mainly to serotype 4b/4bx.