Marx Marcia S, Cohen-Mansfield Jiska
Research Institute on Aging, Hebrew Home of Greater Washington, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2003 Sep;15(3):289-306. doi: 10.1017/s1041610203009542.
To determine correlates of hoarding behavior in frail elderly persons.
Information about nursing home residents (n = 408) and community-dwelling senior day-care participants (n = 177) was gathered through interviews with family and professional caregivers, medical chart review, and physician examinations, and included the following areas of assessment: hoarding behavior, demographic and health information, level of cognitive functioning, activities of daily living (ADL) performance, depressed affect, social functioning, manifestations of agitated behaviors, and previous stressful life experiences.
We found that 15% of the nursing home residents and 25% of the community-dwelling senior day-care participants manifested hoarding behavior at a rate of several times a week or higher. For nursing home residents, hoarding behavior was significantly related to a larger appetite, taking fewer medications, higher social functioning, comparatively less ADL impairment, and manifestations of physically nonaggressive agitated behaviors. For senior day-care participants, hoarding behavior was significantly associated with being female, a larger appetite, comparatively less gait impairment, fewer medical diagnoses, more involvement in activities, a positive diagnosis of dementia, hallucinations, the delusion of infidelity, and manifestations of three syndromes of agitated behaviors.
While hoarding behavior in our samples presents differently from compulsive hoarding described in the literature, we obtained robust findings that show that despite differences in living conditions, the elderly persons who manifested hoarding behavior were those with relatively fewer health and functional disabilities. In addition, those who exhibited hoarding behavior also manifested agitated behaviors. We suggest that future researchers develop alternative measures of hoarding behavior so as to further clarify the phenomenon of hoarding behavior in the elderly.
确定体弱老年人囤积行为的相关因素。
通过与家庭和专业护理人员访谈、查阅病历以及医生检查，收集了养老院居民（n = 408）和社区日间照料参与者（n = 177）的信息，评估内容包括以下方面：囤积行为、人口统计学和健康信息、认知功能水平、日常生活活动（ADL）表现、抑郁情绪、社会功能、激越行为表现以及既往压力性生活经历。
我们发现，15%的养老院居民和25%的社区日间照料参与者每周数次或更频繁地表现出囤积行为。对于养老院居民，囤积行为与食欲较大、用药较少、社会功能较高、ADL损伤相对较小以及身体无攻击性的激越行为表现显著相关。对于社区日间照料参与者，囤积行为与女性、食欲较大、步态损伤相对较小、医疗诊断较少、活动参与度较高、痴呆症阳性诊断、幻觉、不忠妄想以及三种激越行为综合征表现显著相关。
虽然我们样本中的囤积行为与文献中描述的强迫性囤积有所不同，但我们得到了有力的研究结果，表明尽管生活条件存在差异，但表现出囤积行为的老年人健康和功能残疾相对较少。此外，表现出囤积行为的人也表现出激越行为。我们建议未来的研究人员开发囤积行为的替代测量方法，以便进一步阐明老年人囤积行为的现象。
