Porter J D, McAdam K P
Department of Clinical Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Sep-Oct;86(5):467-9. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(92)90069-o.
An estimated 2.8 million people in Africa have dual infections with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Because of the increasing numbers of cases of tuberculosis as a consequence of the HIV epidemic, chemoprophylaxis may become a cost effective tuberculosis control measure in high prevalence countries. Although isoniazid (INH) is the only drug evaluated in controlled trials of preventive tuberculosis therapy, studies are now under way to determine the efficacy of INH and other drugs, including rifampicin and pyrazinamide, in preventing tuberculosis reactivation in persons with HIV infection. If chemoprophylaxis is effective in persons with dual infection, further studies will be required to determine whether chemoprophylaxis is cost effective for tuberculosis prevention and control and whether it is feasible to introduce it as a community control measure.
据估计，非洲有280万人同时感染了结核病和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）。由于艾滋病流行导致结核病病例不断增加，化学预防可能成为高流行国家一种具有成本效益的结核病控制措施。虽然异烟肼（INH）是预防性结核病治疗对照试验中唯一评估过的药物，但目前正在进行研究，以确定异烟肼和其他药物（包括利福平和吡嗪酰胺）在预防HIV感染者结核病复发方面的疗效。如果化学预防对双重感染者有效，则需要进一步研究，以确定化学预防在结核病预防和控制方面是否具有成本效益，以及将其作为社区控制措施是否可行。
