Mukuddem-Petersen J, Kruger H Salome
School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Science, Potchefstroom University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Jul;28(7):842-51. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802586.
To investigate the relationship between stunting and overweight among 10-15-y-old children of the North West Province in South Africa.
A single cross-sectional study design was used. The study formed part of the THUSA BANA project.
The total study population of the THUSA BANA project comprised of 1257 randomly selected subjects, aged 10-15 y.
Stunting was described as the height below the 5th percentile for age using the CDC standard percentiles. Furthermore, the definitions of overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used, where the cutoff points for body mass index (BMI) corresponds with the adult BMI of 25 and 30, respectively. Anthropometrical variables namely triceps (TSF) and subscapular skinfolds (SSF), waist circumference, weight, height and BMI of the 10-15-y-old subjects were analysed.
Stunting was most prevalent in the rural areas (girls 23.7% and boys 26.7%) compared with urban areas (girls 11.6%, boys 17.1%). The odds ratio and the 95% CI for the association between stunting and overweight in boys and girls were 0.45 (CI 0.16, 1.30) and 0.50 (CI 0.21, 1.19) respectively. Stunted children, 10-14-y-old and living in rural areas and informal settlements, had significantly lower mean BMI and skinfold thicknesses than nonstunted children. The mean BMI and sum of TSF and SSF (TSF+SSF) were similar in stunted and nonstunted children living in urban areas.
There is no significant association between stunting and overweight in 10-15-y-old children in the North West Province. However, there is a tendency for girls older than 14 y to start to gain subcutaneous fat, even though at these ages they were still stunted and underweight. Stunted girls in established urban areas had a higher mean TSF+SSF than stunted girls in informal townships. This tendency in urban stunted girls is evident at the onset of menarche and could predict possible problems of overweight as they get older.
调查南非西北省10至15岁儿童发育迟缓与超重之间的关系。
采用单一横断面研究设计。该研究是“THUSA BANA项目”的一部分。
“THUSA BANA项目”的总研究人群包括1257名随机选取的10至15岁受试者。
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的标准百分位数，发育迟缓被定义为身高低于年龄别第5百分位数。此外，采用了国际肥胖特别工作组（IOTF）对超重和肥胖的定义，其中体重指数（BMI）的切点分别对应于成人BMI的25和30。对10至15岁受试者的人体测量变量，即肱三头肌皮褶厚度（TSF）、肩胛下皮褶厚度（SSF）、腰围、体重、身高和BMI进行了分析。
与城市地区（女孩11.6%，男孩17.1%）相比，发育迟缓在农村地区最为普遍（女孩23.7%，男孩26.7%）。男孩和女孩发育迟缓与超重之间关联的比值比及95%置信区间分别为0.45（置信区间0.16，1.30）和0.50（置信区间0.21，1.19）。10至14岁、生活在农村地区和非正式定居点的发育迟缓儿童的平均BMI和皮褶厚度显著低于非发育迟缓儿童。生活在城市地区的发育迟缓儿童和非发育迟缓儿童的平均BMI以及TSF与SSF之和（TSF+SSF）相似。
在西北省10至15岁儿童中，发育迟缓与超重之间无显著关联。然而，14岁以上的女孩有开始增加皮下脂肪的趋势，尽管在这些年龄段她们仍发育迟缓且体重不足。在已建成的城市地区，发育迟缓女孩的平均TSF+SSF高于非正式城镇的发育迟缓女孩。城市发育迟缓女孩的这种趋势在月经初潮时就很明显，并且可能预示着她们随着年龄增长出现超重问题的可能性。
