Houston B K, Cates D S, Kelly K E
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045-2160.
Women Health. 1992;19(1):1-26. doi: 10.1300/J013v19n01_01.
A pair of studies was conducted to investigate for both women employed full-time outside the home and homemakers: (a) relations between job-related stress and various indices of psychosocial strain and reported physical health problems; and (b) social support and number of children in the home in regard to direct relations with indices of psychosocial strain and physical health problems as well as moderating effects on relations between job stress and these indices. Self-report data were collected from 91 women employed outside the home and 95 homemakers. For both groups of women, more quantitative overload was associated with more tension and health problems. Greater quantitative overload was associated with more marital dissatisfaction for homemakers but not for women employed outside the home. Greater underutilization of skills for both groups of women was associated with more self-reported tension and poorer quality of marital relations but was not associated with health problems. Less reported tension was associated with greater overall social support for homemakers and greater social support from supervisors for women employed outside the home. Better quality of marital relationships was associated with greater overall social support for homemakers and greater social support from husbands and relatives/friends for women employed outside the home. For women employed outside the home, social support from supervisors and coworkers were found to moderate some of the relations between job stress and measures of psychosocial strain. Social support for homemakers, however, evidenced no moderating effects for relations involving job stress. Possibly because of low mean number and small variability in number of children in these samples, no direct relations or moderating effects were found for number of children for either group of women.
开展了两项研究，以调查在外全职工作的女性和家庭主妇：(a) 与工作相关的压力与心理社会压力的各种指标以及所报告的身体健康问题之间的关系；(b) 社会支持和家中子女数量与心理社会压力指标和身体健康问题的直接关系，以及对工作压力与这些指标之间关系的调节作用。从91名在外工作的女性和95名家庭主妇中收集了自我报告数据。对于这两组女性，更多的工作量过载与更多的紧张感和健康问题相关。对于家庭主妇来说，更大的工作量过载与更多的婚姻不满相关，但对于在外工作的女性则不然。两组女性技能利用不足程度越高，自我报告的紧张感越强，婚姻关系质量越差，但与健康问题无关。报告的紧张感越少，家庭主妇获得的总体社会支持就越大，在外工作的女性从上司那里获得的社会支持就越大。婚姻关系质量越好，家庭主妇获得的总体社会支持就越大，在外工作的女性从丈夫和亲戚/朋友那里获得的社会支持就越大。对于在外工作的女性，发现上司和同事的社会支持对工作压力与心理社会压力测量指标之间的一些关系有调节作用。然而，家庭主妇的社会支持对涉及工作压力的关系没有调节作用。可能由于这些样本中子女数量的均值较低且变异性较小，两组女性的子女数量均未发现直接关系或调节作用。
