Chaulya S K
Central Mining Research Institute, Barwa Road, Dhanbad 826 001, India.
J Environ Monit. 2004 Feb;6(2):134-42. doi: 10.1039/b309372g. Epub 2004 Jan 6.
A study for assessment and management of air quality was carried out in the Ib Valley area of the Ib Valley coalfield in Orissa state, India. The 24 h average concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) were determined at regular intervals throughout one year at twelve monitoring stations in residential areas and six monitoring stations in mining/industrial areas. The 24 h average SPM and RPM concentrations were 124.6-390.3 microg m(-3) and 25.9-119.9 microg m(-3) in residential areas, and were 146.3-845.2 microg m(-3) and 45.5-290.5 microg m(-3) in industrial areas. During the study period, 24 h and annual average SPM and RPM concentrations exceeded the respective standards set in the Indian national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) protocol as well as USEPA, EU, WHO and World Bank standards at most of the residential and industrial areas. However, concentrations of SO(2)(annual average: 24.6-36.1 microg m(-3) and 24 h average: 17.0-46.3 microg m(-3)) and NO(x)(annual average: 23.6-40.9 microg m(-3) and 24 h average: 18.3-53.6 microg m(-3)) were well within the prescribed limit of the NAAQS and international standards in both residential and industrial areas. The temporal variations of SPM and RPM fitted polynomial trends well and on average in the mining area 31.91% of the SPM was RPM. The linear regression correlation coefficients between SPM and RPM and between NO(x) and SO(2) were 0.94 (+/-0.04) and 0.66 (+/-0.10), respectively. The optimum interpolation technique, kriging, determined that maximal concentrations of SPM and RPM occurred within the mining site. Highest concentrations of particulate matter were observed during the winter season followed by summer, autumn and rainy seasons. An action plan is formulated for effective control of air pollution at source, and mitigative measures should include implementation of green belts around the sensitive areas where the concentration of air pollutants exceeds the standard limit.
在印度奥里萨邦伊布河谷煤田的伊布河谷地区开展了一项空气质量评估与管理研究。在居民区的12个监测站和采矿/工业区的6个监测站，全年定期测定悬浮颗粒物（SPM）、可吸入颗粒物（RPM）、二氧化硫（SO₂）和氮氧化物（NOₓ）的24小时平均浓度。居民区的24小时平均SPM和RPM浓度分别为124.6 - 390.3微克/立方米和25.9 - 119.9微克/立方米，工业区则分别为146.3 - 845.2微克/立方米和45.5 - 290.5微克/立方米。在研究期间，大多数居民区和工业区的24小时及年平均SPM和RPM浓度超过了印度国家环境空气质量标准（NAAQS）协议以及美国环境保护局、欧盟、世界卫生组织和世界银行设定的各自标准。然而，SO₂（年平均：24.6 - 36.1微克/立方米，24小时平均：17.0 - 46.3微克/立方米）和NOₓ（年平均：23.6 - 40.9微克/立方米，24小时平均：18.3 - 53.6微克/立方米）的浓度在居民区和工业区均远低于NAAQS规定限值和国际标准。SPM和RPM的时间变化与多项式趋势拟合良好，在矿区，平均31.91%的SPM是RPM。SPM与RPM之间以及NOₓ与SO₂之间的线性回归相关系数分别为0.94（±0.04）和0.66（±0.10）。最优插值技术——克里金法确定，SPM和RPM的最大浓度出现在矿区内。颗粒物浓度在冬季最高，其次是夏季、秋季和雨季。制定了一项行动计划，以有效控制源头空气污染，缓解措施应包括在空气污染物浓度超过标准限值的敏感区域周围实施绿化带。
