Chamberlin C J, Magill R A
Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University College of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.
J Mot Behav. 1992 Dec;24(4):309-19. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1992.9941627.
Currently, a popular model for the central representation of motor skills is embodied in Schmidt's schema theory of discrete motor skill learning (Schmidt, 1975). Two experiments are reported here that contrast predictions from a schema abstraction model that is the basis for schema theory with those from an exemplar-based model of motor skill memory representation. In both experiments, subjects performed 300 trials per day of three variations of a three-segment timing task over 4 days of acquisition. The subjects then either immediately transferred to four novel variations of the same task (Experiment 1) that varied in degree of similarity to the exemplars experienced during acquisition; or performed two novel and two previously produced exemplars, following 24-h and 1-week retention intervals (Experiment 2). The results indicated that novel task transfer was not affected by the degree of similarity between the acquisition and transfer exemplars, and that there was no advantage for a previously produced exemplar over a novel exemplar after either a 24-hr or 1 week retention interval. Also, in both experiments, a consistent pattern of bias in responding was noted for novel task transfer and retention. These results are indicative of a schema abstraction model of memory representation for motor skills.
目前，施密特（1975年）提出的离散运动技能学习的图式理论体现了一种流行的运动技能中枢表征模型。本文报告了两项实验，将基于图式理论的图式抽象模型的预测与基于范例的运动技能记忆表征模型的预测进行了对比。在这两项实验中，受试者在4天的习得期内，每天对一个三段计时任务的三种变体进行300次试验。然后，受试者要么立即转移到同一任务的四种新变体（实验1），这些新变体与习得期内经历的范例在相似程度上有所不同；要么在24小时和1周的保留间隔后，执行两个新范例和两个之前产生的范例（实验2）。结果表明，新任务转移不受习得范例与转移范例之间相似程度的影响，并且在24小时或1周的保留间隔后，之前产生的范例并不比新范例更具优势。此外，在这两项实验中，新任务转移和保留的反应中都出现了一致的偏差模式。这些结果表明了运动技能记忆表征的图式抽象模型。
