Tsuchiya Yoshiki, Nishida Eisuke
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502.
J Biochem. 2003 Dec;134(6):785-90. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvg220.
The mammalian circadian system consists of multiple oscillators with basically hierarchical relationship, in which the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master pacemaker and the other oscillators in the periphery are subordinate. Although peripheral oscillators have been preceded by the SCN in circadian studies, accumulating data have revealed the importance and characteristics of peripheral oscillators. Cultured cell lines have also provided valuable information about intracellular mechanisms of circadian rhythms. This review outlines the properties of peripheral clocks in several perspectives such as the mechanisms of autonomous oscillations, the clock resetting, and the clock outputs, and describes the usefulness of immortalized cultured cells as a model system of mammalian circadian clocks by introducing some fruits of related works.
哺乳动物的昼夜节律系统由多个具有基本层级关系的振荡器组成，其中下丘脑视交叉上核（SCN）是主起搏器，外周的其他振荡器则处于从属地位。尽管在昼夜节律研究中，外周振荡器早于SCN受到关注，但越来越多的数据揭示了外周振荡器的重要性和特征。培养的细胞系也为昼夜节律的细胞内机制提供了有价值的信息。本综述从自主振荡机制、生物钟重置和生物钟输出等多个角度概述了外周生物钟的特性，并通过介绍相关工作的一些成果，描述了永生化培养细胞作为哺乳动物昼夜节律钟模型系统的实用性。
