Böning J
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
Gesundheitswesen. 2004 Feb;66 Suppl 1:S71-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-812710.
About one third of the economical costs, which are due to death, sickness and life quality deficits in higher developed industrial countries, are caused by pollutants such as nicotine, alcohol and false eating habits. Within a period of one year 183,000 people in Germany die on tobacco associated sickness effects, 73,000 on direct or indirect aftermath of alcohol usage and a proportional amount of mostly adipoptic people on the hereoff resulting sickness effects. These risk trias, decided by every person mainly for himself by his own behaviour or mis-behaviour, are even aggravated by the free enterprise sanctioned drug politics of the highly profitable mega markets of the tobacco-, alcohol- and fast-food-industry. Health orientated drug politic, which is based on independence and solidarity and an exhaustive primary prevention within the scope of early nationalization authorities can therefore only have a limited effect. Even though, standardized, therapeutic short interventions used by hazardous alcohol- and drug usage, the qualified detoxification on addiction illness and an way to little used meanwhile time- and cost optimized withdrawal treatment have been proven to be quite effective. Exhaustive established ambulant smoking-withdrawal treatment programs are of special importance, because with continuously sinking of first contact, nicotine is know to be the "gate way drug" with the strongest addiction potential among all legalized and non-legalized drugs. In canon of mean while worldwide (except for Germany) started drug-control politics one will be able to start a health orientated drug politic in the future, which is including especially the drug economic aspects for the benefit of all as well as for the national budgets.
在高度发达的工业化国家,约三分之一的经济成本是由尼古丁、酒精和不良饮食习惯等污染物导致的死亡、疾病和生活质量下降造成的。在德国,一年内有18.3万人死于与烟草相关的疾病,7.3万人死于酒精使用的直接或间接后果,以及数量相当的肥胖人群因由此引发的疾病而死亡。这些主要由个人行为或不当行为决定的风险因素,因烟草、酒精和快餐行业高利润大型市场的自由企业认可的毒品政策而更加严重。基于独立、团结以及在早期国有化当局范围内进行全面初级预防的以健康为导向的毒品政策,因此只能产生有限的效果。尽管如此,针对危险酒精和药物使用的标准化、治疗性短期干预措施、对成瘾疾病的合格解毒以及一种很少使用但同时经过时间和成本优化的戒断治疗方法已被证明相当有效。全面建立的门诊戒烟治疗项目尤为重要,因为随着首次接触率的持续下降,尼古丁被认为是所有合法和非法药物中成瘾潜力最强的“入门药物”。在全球(德国除外)同时启动的毒品管制政策框架内,未来将能够启动一项以健康为导向的毒品政策,该政策尤其包括有利于所有人以及国家预算的毒品经济方面。