Hernandez-Verdun Danièle, Louvet Emilie
Institut Jacques Monod, Cnrs, Université Paris VI et Paris VII, 2, place Jussieu, 75251 Paris 05, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2004 Jan;20(1):37-44. doi: 10.1051/medsci/200420137.
In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the ribosome factory. The nucleolus is a very active large nuclear domain resulting from the equilibrium between level of ribosomal gene transcription, efficiency of rRNA processing and transport of the ribosomal subunits (40S and 60S) towards the cytoplasm. The ribosome production is regulated and is linked with cell growth and cell proliferation. The ribosome production is stopped during mitosis but the nucleolar machineries are inherited in daughter cells and the nucleolar reassembly is a very early event at the exit of mitosis. The nucleolus is also a multifunctional domain involved in nuclear architecture and specific interaction with some nuclear bodies. Finally, several human diseases appear to result from mutations of nucleolar proteins.
在真核生物中，核仁是核糖体工厂。核仁是一个非常活跃的大核区域，它源于核糖体基因转录水平、rRNA加工效率以及核糖体亚基（40S和60S）向细胞质运输之间的平衡。核糖体的产生受到调控，并与细胞生长和增殖相关联。核糖体的产生在有丝分裂期间停止，但核仁机制会遗传给子细胞，并且核仁重新组装是有丝分裂结束时非常早期的事件。核仁也是一个多功能区域，参与核结构以及与一些核体的特定相互作用。最后，一些人类疾病似乎是由核仁蛋白的突变引起的。
