Vogt B A, Finch D M, Olson C R
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.
Cereb Cortex. 1992 Nov-Dec;2(6):435-43. doi: 10.1093/cercor/2.6.435-a.
The cingulate gyrus is a major part of the "anatomical limbic system" and, according to classic accounts, is involved in emotion. This view is oversimplified in light of recent clinical and experimental findings that cingulate cortex participates not only in emotion but also in sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. Anterior cingulate cortex, consisting of areas 25 and 24, has been implicated in visceromotor, skeletomotor, and endocrine outflow. These processes include responses to painful stimuli, maternal behavior, vocalization, and attention to action. Since all of these activities have an affective component, it is likely that connections with the amygdala are critical for them. In contrast, posterior cingulate cortex, consisting of areas 29, 30, 23, and 31, contains neurons that monitor eye movements and respond to sensory stimuli. Ablation studies suggest that this region is involved in spatial orientation and memory. It is likely that connections between posterior cingulate and parahippocampal cortices contribute to these processes. We conclude that there is a fundamental dichotomy between the functions of anterior and posterior cingulate cortices. The anterior cortex subserves primarily executive functions related to the emotional control of visceral, skeletal, and endocrine outflow. The posterior cortex subserves evaluative functions such as monitoring sensory events and the organism's own behavior in the service of spatial orientation and memory.
扣带回是“解剖学边缘系统”的主要组成部分，根据经典理论，它参与情绪活动。鉴于最近的临床和实验结果表明扣带回皮层不仅参与情绪活动，还参与感觉、运动和认知过程，这种观点过于简单化了。前扣带回皮层由25区和24区组成，与内脏运动、骨骼运动及内分泌输出有关。这些过程包括对疼痛刺激的反应、母性行为、发声及对动作的注意。由于所有这些活动都有情感成分，与杏仁核的联系可能对它们至关重要。相比之下，后扣带回皮层由29区、30区、23区和31区组成，含有监测眼球运动并对感觉刺激做出反应的神经元。切除研究表明该区域参与空间定向和记忆。后扣带回与海马旁回皮层之间的联系可能有助于这些过程。我们得出结论，前扣带回皮层和后扣带回皮层的功能存在根本差异。前扣带回皮层主要执行与内脏、骨骼和内分泌输出的情绪控制相关的功能。后扣带回皮层执行评估功能，如监测感觉事件及机体自身为空间定向和记忆服务的行为。
