Talbott E O, Day R D, Marsh G M, Haile-Cattledge G T, McKenna M, Case B W
Department of Epidemiology University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, PA 15261.
Sci Total Environ. 1992 Dec 15;127(1-2):139-54. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90473-6.
There has been much concern recently about possible adverse health effects related to exposure to toxic chemicals among residents of Kanawha County in southern West Virginia. An epidemiological study of trends in cancer mortality from 1950-1984 among the general population of Kanawha County in southern West Virginia was mounted. Cabell County, West Virginia was chosen to be a comparison county for Kanawha in addition to West Virginia and the total United States. The cancer mortality rates for white males and females were calculated using NCHS mortality data and Census Bureau population data available on the Mortality and Population Data System (MPDS) at the University of Pittsburgh. Mortality rates for cancer in Kanawha and Cabell Counties were evaluated over the time period 1950-1984 with an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. In this analysis, poisson regression models were fit using the statistical program GLIM (Generalized Linear Models) to determine the separate effects of age, period of death, and birth cohort on the specific cancers of interest (lung, liver, bladder, CNS, leukemia, lympho-reticulosarcoma, all cancers). There were no significant county differences for cancer death rates between Kanawha and Cabell Counties except for leukemia among white males [O.R. = 1.27, 95% (C.I. = 1.03-1.6)], and for lympho-reticulosarcoma [O.R. = 1.66(1.24-2.07)], suggesting a possible occupational exposure. For leukemia, aleukemia, the effect observed seems to have declined. In contrast, the elevation of lympho-reticulosarcoma rates has remained in recent years (1970-1984).
最近，西弗吉尼亚州南部卡诺瓦县居民接触有毒化学物质可能对健康产生的不良影响引发了诸多关注。为此开展了一项关于1950年至1984年西弗吉尼亚州南部卡诺瓦县普通人群癌症死亡率趋势的流行病学研究。除了西弗吉尼亚州和美国整体情况外，西弗吉尼亚州的卡贝尔县被选为卡诺瓦县的对照县。利用美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）的死亡率数据以及匹兹堡大学死亡率和人口数据系统（MPDS）提供的人口普查局人口数据，计算了白人男性和女性的癌症死亡率。采用年龄-时期-队列（APC）分析方法，对1950年至1984年期间卡诺瓦县和卡贝尔县的癌症死亡率进行了评估。在该分析中，使用统计程序GLIM（广义线性模型）拟合泊松回归模型，以确定年龄、死亡时期和出生队列对所关注的特定癌症（肺癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、中枢神经系统癌、白血病、淋巴网状肉瘤、所有癌症）的单独影响。卡诺瓦县和卡贝尔县之间的癌症死亡率在县与县之间没有显著差异，但白人男性中的白血病除外[比值比（O.R.）= 1.27，95%置信区间（C.I.）= 1.03 - 1.6]，以及淋巴网状肉瘤[比值比（O.R.）= 1.66（1.24 - 2.07）]，这表明可能存在职业暴露。对于白血病，急性白血病，观察到的影响似乎有所下降。相比之下，淋巴网状肉瘤发病率的升高在近年来（1970年至1984年）一直存在。
